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Tetyana Yablonska
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Doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor of the Department of West and Oriental Languages and Methods of Their Teaching, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: applle9@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-9520

Darya Iordanova

Bachelor Student in Secondary Education (Turkish Language), State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine

e-mail: daryaiordanova15@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-9520

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-13

Key words: context, contextual method, Lexicology, Turkish Language, English Language, polysemy, synonymy.

The relevance of the English Language learning is substantiated in the article for many reasons. First, because of its prevalence in the whole world. Secondly, due to the huge number of lexical and stylistic features, such as context, polysemantic words, direct word order in sentence, variability (British, American, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand English). Thirdly, owing to its clarity, conciseness, emotional colouring and individuality. The article defines the possibilities of the contextual method using in the Turkish and English language Lexicology studying. Such teaching methods as descriptive (for a general description of the context); contextual-interpretive (to identify the functional and semantic meaning of a word), as well as a method of creating a problem situation using a contextual task were used for achieving the goal. The features of the English language as the language of
international communication are determined; the place of the context in English is considered and the role of the English context in comparison with the Turkish one is defined. The difficulties of translating words from English and vice versa due to their ambiguity are stipulated. Especially it concerns synonymic dominants, idioms, set phrases and phrasal verbs. Context has been shown to understand the meaning of a word or phrase. Depending upon the context and lexical surroundings, most words in common vocabulary can change their meaning in both Turkish and English.

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Dyskurs inozemnoyi komunikatsii (2002) Za zag. nauk. red. K. Kus’ko Lvivsky Natsionalny Univesitet im. I. Franka. Lviv: LNU. (Discourse of Foreign Communication. The Main Editor K. Kusko. Lviv National University named after I. Franko) [in Ukrainian].
Kristal, D. (2001) Angliyskiy yazyk kak globalny. Perevod s angliyskogo N. V. Kuznetsova. Moscow: Ves’ mir (English as a global language. Translation from English by Kuznetsova. Moscow: The Whole World) [in Russian].
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Chaenkova, O. K. (2019) Lingvokulturna spetsyfika frazeologizmiv u protsesi perekladu (na materiali ukrainskoyi, turetskoyi ta angliyskoyi mov). Language. Scientific and Theoretical Journal. № 31., Ukraine. Odessa. 41—54. (Linguocultural Specificity of Phraseological Units in Translating Process (on the Material of Ukrainian, Turkish and English Languages) [in Ukrainian].
Yakhontova, T. V. (2009) Lingvistychna genologiya naukovoyi komunikatsii: monographiya. Lviv: Vydavnychy Tsentr LNU. (Linguistic Genology of Scientific Communication. Monograph. Lviv: Publishing House LNU) [in Ukrainian].
Shafigullina, L. S., Shemshurenko, O. V. Lexical Features of the Modern Turkish Language: Instructional Techniques of Introducing Vocabulary at the Lessons of the Turkish language and Typical Mistakes in Students’ Speech. Special Issue July 2016, Gafsa. Tunisia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES. ISSN 2356-5926., P. 629-636.

 

Myroslava Fabian
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Doctor of Philology, Professor, Professor of English Philology Department ofUzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
e-mail: myroslava.fabian@uzhnu.edu.ua
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-1275

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-12

Keywords: comparative research, common and distinctive features, distantly related languages, lexical semantics, formalized analysis, polysemy, lexis.

Comparative studies fascinate scholars working in various branches of human activity. In linguistics, onlycomparison helps find out both common and distinctive features of the languages and trace their interconnections as well as specificity. The present paper deals with the comparative research of two distantly related languages - English and Ukrainian - on the material of adjectives denoting a successful person/thing. The topic in question is relevant and contributes to further studies of lexical and comparative semantics, cross-language and crosscultural communication, lexicography, etc. The adjectives in question occupy significant places in the vocabulary of the languages under study. The concept of success belongs to basic social and cultural values and is studied in philosophy, sociology, psychology, linguistics and other sciences. Having introduced the methodology of formalized analysis of lexical semantics, one of the requirements of which is a formal criterion – belonging of the lexical units to one part of speech – the author of this paper collected, analyzed and classified the obtained language material from lexicographical sources. Depending on the degree of polysemy, three groups in English and two in Ukrainian have been formed. Each of them possesses its own features alongside with their common characteristics. Comparative research of the definite fragment of lexis resulted in in-depth analysis of its system and structural organization, semantic specificity, both common and distinctive featuresas well as its representation in corresponding language and culture bearers’ consciousness.

REFERENCES

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Fabian M.P. Verbalization of politeness in modern English. Development trends of the Modern Philology. Lviv-Torun: Liha-Press, 2019. P. 148-167.
Fabian M. Lexical semantics: new approach to its study. Journal of Interdisciplinary
Philology. Žilina, 2013.Issue 1-2.P. 5-12.

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Paradigms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 292 p. SaeedJohn I. Semantics. UK : BlackwellPublishingLtd., 2003. 413 p.
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материале популярно-делового дискурса): автореф. дис. на соиск. уч. ст. канд. филол. наук: спец. 10.02.19 “Теорияязыка”. Белгород, 2010. 21 с.
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Калініченко В. Зіставна характеристика інформаційного змісту концептів Успіх/
Success в українській та американській мовній свідомості за результатами психолінгвістичного експерименту. Науковий Вісник Волинського національного університету ім. Л. Українки. Луцьк, 2009. С. 182–187.
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українського народу (на матеріалі словників та даних психолінгвістичного
асоціативного експерименту). Актуальні проблеми металінгвістики. Черкаси, 2005. С. 208–210.
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Oleh Tyshchenko
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Prof., DrSc., Department of Russian Studies, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nбm.  Jozefa Herdu 577/2, Trnava, Slovakia Doctor of Philology, Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages and Translation Studies, Lviv State University of Life Safety, Kleparivska street, 35, Lviv, Ukraine
e-mail: olkotiszczenko@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–7255–2742

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-11

Keywords: performative, invective, curse, threat, commissives, exclamatory phraseology, artistic text, translation transformations

The article considers performative speech acts (expressives, commissives, wishes, curses, threats, warnings, etc.) and generally exclamatory phraseology in the original and translation in terms of the function of the addressee, the specifics of the communicative situation, the symbolism and pragmatics of the cultural text.
Through cultural and semiotic reconstruction of these units, their semantic and grammatical structure and features of motivation in several linguistic cultures were clarified. Collectively, these verbal acts, on the one hand, mark the semiotic structure of the narrative structure of the text, and on the other hand, indicate the idiostyle of a particular author or characterize the speech of the characters and the associated range of emotions (curses, invectives, cries of indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.). Several translated versions of M. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» (in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and English) and English translations of
M. Kotsyubynsky’s novel «Fata Morgana» and Dovzhenko’s short story «Enchanted Desna» constitute the material for the study.
The obtained results are essential for elucidating the specifics of the national conceptual sphere of a certain culture and revealing the types of inter lingual equivalents, idiomatic analogues in the transmission of common ethno-cultural content. This approach can be useful for a new understanding of domestication and adaptation in translation, translation of culturally marked units, onyms, mythological concepts, etc. as a specific translation practices. There was further developed the theory of phatic and performative-expressive speech acts in lingual cultural comprehension.

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Inna Stupak
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Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Professor at the Department of Western and Oriental Languages and Methods of their Teaching, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky” Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: stupakinna@pdpu.edu.ua
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-4579

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-10

Key words: verbs for conveying information, semantic roles, syntactic actants, semantic role splitting, ellipsis.

Verbs of speech activity constitute a significant layer of verbal lexicon, which is characterized bya complex semantic structure. Depending on the nature of the semantic features, verbs of speechactivity are divided into three groups, one of which is represented byverbs to deliver information. In recentyears, there has been an increase in the frequency of use of verbs for conveying information indifferent literary styles. The aim of the study is to establish the most frequent verbs of this semanticsand to identify the specifics of their functioning in the situation for informational transmission on thematerial of German journalistic texts. The analysis of the to deliver information was carried out usingthe electronic corpus of the German language, which made it possible to trace the dynamics of theuse of 28 to deliver information, identify the four most frequent verbs and establish their semanticmodels. The situation for conveying information provides three obligatory semantic roles: agent,addressee and message.The analysis of the situation for conveying information with the verbs іnformieren, melden, mitteilen, berichten
revealed the asymmetry of the obligatory components at the semantic and syntactic levels. Explicit and elliptical implementation of required components depends on the semantics of the verbs.
The situation for conveying information with the verb is characterized at the syntactic level by the implementation of two semantic roles: addressee and message. The semantic role of agent in the situation for conveying information with the verbs berichten, melden, mitteilen is filled with a noun in a metonymic transfer of the type WHOLEPART, where the WHOLE is an institution, and PART is an employee or the head of this institution. The second mandatory component of the situation is addressee, who at the syntactic level has an explicit expression mainly with the verb іnformieren. In the situation with the verbs berichten, melden, mitteilen the semantic role of addressee is identified by the previous context. The third obligatory component of the situation for conveying information – the information that istransmitted – has both explicit and deictic expression. Verb semantics, communicative necessity and the principle of saving language efforts regulate the implementation of the obligatory semantic components of the situation for conveying information. The most significant component of the informational situation has an explicit expression. In general, the analyzed verbs are characterized by the possibility of shiftingthe focus of attention to any of the obligatory components

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Olena Steriopolo
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Doctor of Philology, Professor at the Department of Germanic and Finno-Ugrian Philology, Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: osteriopolo@gmail.com
ORCID ID https//orcid.org/0000-0003-4554-2113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-9

Key words: speaker, auditor, auditory analysis, acoustic analysis, text genre, reading, retelling, prepared speech, spontaneous speech, segmental features, phonetic word, distant harmonious assimilation, degree of reduction, enclitic, proclitic, intonation and its components.

The article reveals the methodology of developing and conducting an experimental phonetic analysis of speech which will facilitate the usage of substantiated approaches to collect material and describe it from different viewpoints. It illustrates a wide potential of valid approaches to phonetic investigations, as well as equips researchers with knowledge of how to correctly plan all the stages of a specific analysis, which will ultimately help them to avoid speculative assertions; instead, it offers an objective criterion of assessing the validity of the obtained
results.

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Steriopolo, E. І. (2001a). Sehmentnaia orhanyzatsyia sovremennoi nemetskoi spontannoi rechy [Segmental structure of the modern German spontaneous speech] / Naukovyi visnyk kafedry YuNESKO KDLU. – Vyp. 4. – S. 76–81 [in Russian].
Steriopolo, E. І. (2001b). Fonetycheskoe slovo kak edynytsa opysanyia zvuchashcheho teksta [Phonetic word as a unit of description of a spoken text] // Zahalna ta eksperymentalna fonetyka. – K.: Soborna Ukraina. – S. 231-234 [in Russian].
Steriopolo, O. I. (2010). Komunikatyvno-prahmatychni katehorii usnoho movlennia
[Communicative and pragmatic categories of oral speech] // Aktualni problemy romanohermanskoi filolohii ta prykladnoi linhvistyky. – ChNU, №1. – S. 143-153 [in Ukrainian].
Suchasna ukrainska literaturna mova: Leksykolohiia. Fonetyka [Modern Ukrainian literary language: Lexicology. Phonetics] / Moisiienko A. K., Bas-Kononenko O. V. (2010). – K.: Znannia. [in Ukrainian].
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Becker, Th. (2012). Einf hrung in die Phonetik und Phonologie des Deutschen. Padeborn: Wilhelm Fink. Darmstadt: WBG.
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Steriopolo, O. I. (2018). Phonetik und Phonologie des Deutschen. – Vydavnychyi tsentr KNLU.

 

Natalia Romanova
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Doctor of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of German and Romance Philology Chair, Kherson State University, Ukraine
e-mail: vissensvelt@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7444-3811

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-8

Key words: coronavirus, neologism, semantic subtype, synonyms, topic.

The article deals with the German neologisms in the period from March 2020 to the
present. Coronavirus although is not terrible, but its consequences are unpredictable. The world is not only divided into two parts: before and during the disease, but also put man in front of a difficult choice: to be or not to be a biological form. In other words, human behavior must be transformed, focused on real fruitful cooperation to increase the level of happiness on the planet Earth. Covid is obviously the trigger that will help balance the spiritual and the unspiritual, the material and the ideal, the moral and the immoral, the intellectual and the emotional, or, conversely, the physical destruction of the “spoiled product” of modern humanity.
All this indicates the relevance of choosing the topic of the abstracted article. The semantic uncertainties of German nouns with coronavirus meaning, the fragmentary nature of scientific research necessitate further comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon. We also see the urgency of the work in the general orientation of modern linguistics to consider the peculiarities of the formation of the lexical meaning of the neologism. We interpret neologism as a result of the nominative process of new concepts of the world around us on the time axis. The semantic subtypes of the analyzed neologisms are singled out, their classification by thematic feature is offered, the strong and weak links of the general development of the linguistic community are clarified, the duality of the socio-psychological behavior of the ethnos is proved, and its emotional and evaluative attitude to the coronavirus pandemic is reconstructed.

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Oleksandra Popova
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Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Full Professor, Dean of the Foreign Languages Department, State institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: Alex-popova@ukr.net
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-6244-5473

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-7

Key words: scientific and technical discourse, tactics, operations, strategies, translation, terms, terminology, Chinese, English, German, Ukrainian.

The article is devoted to the study of the translation specificities of rendering the innovative Chinese scientific and technical terms into English, German, Ukrainian and Russian. The tactical and strategic vectors determining the manifestation of scientific and technical discourse have been specified; the notions “terms”, “terminology”, “scientific and technical discourse” have been clarified. We associate terms with the exact linguistic designation of specialised concepts expressed by nouns, nominative, verbal and adverbial phrases. We identify terminology as an aggregate / set of terms that function within scientific, technical and other professional fields. Scientific and technical discourse is determined through the prism of its dual nature (linguistic and extralinguistic) as a discourse of science and technology, a scientifically-driven discourse, the extralinguistic background of which is associated with the prerequisites for launching innovative scientific (and technical) projects, alongside intrastate development and intergovernmental cooperation.
The linguistic features of the terms under study and the translation construct used while reproducing them from Chinese into English, German, Ukrainian and Russian have been characterised. We define the strategy of communicatively equivalent / equivalent translation as the leading one in terms of implementing the communicative intention of the author of the source (original) text in the target language. The article analyses translation tactics which can contribute to an adequate perception of a scientific message: the tactics of transferring cognitive information; the tactics of correct information layout (in accordance with the norms of the target language). The author specifies common translation transformations enabling adequate reproduction of innovative Chinese terms in Germanic and Slavonic languages: transliteration (transcription, transcoding), equivalent translation, analogue, loan translation, descriptive translation.

REFERENCES

Ahmad, K. (2006). “Metaphors in the Language of Science?” in Gotti, M. & Vijay Bhatia (eds.). New Trends in Specialized Discourse Analysis. Bern: Peter Lang, 197-220 [in English].
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Ilchenko, O. M. (2002). Etyket anhlomovnoho naukovoho dyskursu: monohrafiia [Etiquette of English scientific discourse: a monograph]. Kyiv: IVTs «Politekhnika», 288 p [in Ukrainian].
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aspects]. Moscow: Nauka, 189–201 [in Russian].
Yarkho, A. V. (2010). Referentsialnyi khedzhynh yak stratehiia etyketyzatsii u dyskursi anhlomovnoi naukovo-doslidnytskoi statti: ontraktyvnyi analiz [Referential hedging as an etiquettising strategy in the discourse of an English research article: a contractive analysis].
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(2019 b). [Times, Weekly Publication]. Retrieved from: https://
www.taihuoniao.com/topic/view/185571 [in Chinese].

 

Tetiana Korolova
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Doctor of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Translation, Theoretical and Applied Linguistics of the State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical
University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: kortami 863@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https//orcid.org/0000-3441-196Х

Natalya Zhmayeva

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Department of Translation and
Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: zhmaeva@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-0155

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-6

Key words: negative modality, prosody, translation, prosodic parameters, typology, specific linguistic features.

The work is devoted to the research of the ways that reflect the prosody characteristics of the English utterances containing negative semantics in the Ukrainian oral translation. The difficulty of achieving this goal when treating prosody is in its multifunctionallity and multicomponential nature. Prosody is the main means of signifying the communicative types of sentences and the pragmaticsof the communicative process. Correlation of prosody with pragmatic andsemantic components of communication is carried out through the prism of the emotional sphere of human speech behavior.
The analysis of the experimental material provided an opportunity to find both distinctive and typologically common for Ukrainian and English characteristics of negative modality at the level of negative connotative meanings prosody, such as of objections, condemnation, reproach, and specific correlates of negative modality in either of the two languages under analysis. Typologically similar characteristics include the following: the register of melody, the range of dynamic parameter andtimbre components of prosody, the state of the vocal cords and larynx and their combinations. The mechanism of realization of prosody of negative connotations is typologically similar in two languages: the most frequent combinations of interaction of prosody parameters in English and Ukrainian languages are the increase in intensity and the synchronous growth of melody – 24,7% and 25,3%, respectively, in the amount of the experimental phrases. The functional significance of the temporal component at the segmental level in the English language and the absence of such a characteristic in the Ukrainian language expands the possibility of applying the time parameter at the suprasegmental level in the Ukrainian language. Knowledge of the laws of prosodic variability in two languages helps to interpret correctly and produce the semantics of a foreign language in translation.

REFERENCES

Dotsenko, O.L, Modalnist u vyrazhenni obiektno-ziasuvalnykh vidnoshen [Modality in rendering objective clarifying attitudes]: avtoref. dys. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia kand. filol. nauk: spets. 10.02.01 „Ukrainska mova”. K.: NPU im. M.P. Drahomanova, 2001 [in Ukrainian]
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Huldzen, L.S. Significant and nonsignificant in intоnation. Proc. Of the IV Intern. Congress of Phon. Sci. 1962.
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Alexander Iliadi
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Doctor of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Methods of Preschool and Primary Education at Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine
e-mail: alexandr.iliadi@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-8316

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-5

Key words: suffix, word-formation, Slavic, dialect, derivative.

The paper focusestwo word-formation models, functioning into the system of Slavic dialect derivation of nouns: 1) -da, -anda, -enda, -inda, -onda, -unda, -ynda; 2) -ом(а), -омля (mainly attested in the East Slavic area). Ironically, these suffixing word-formation models traditionally are ignored by authors of studies, dedicated to the derivation of nouns in Slavic dialect speech. Perhaps, above-mentioned formatives were not classified as separate means of derivation for a reason of including words with these suffixes in the category of expressive lexemes (such words are characterized by phonetic transformations resulting in the deviation of word-building structure, «mutation» of the end of the word). The author explains genesis of both series suffixes as morphologization of phonetic phenomena, which, have going beyond dialect sound processes, became separate word-building means.
With regards to some derivatives with -ом(а) is stressed, that it is the difficulty to distinguish cases, where -ом(а) shows clipping of mentioned suffix, and examples of ancient superlatives containing suffix -m- or adjectives, derived by means of participle suffix -om- involved into the system of desubstantive word-formation.

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Ilona Derik
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Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution "South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K.D.Ushynsky", Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: ilonaderik@gmail.com
ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-4745

e-mail: ilonaderik@gmail.com

ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-4745

Yevheniia Savchenko

Candidate of Philology, Assistant Professor at the Department of Translation and
Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: anneshirley2687@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–7000–5155

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-4

Key words: phonetic and graphical stylistic devices, sound imitation, sound instrumentation, onomatopoeic words, assonance, alliteration.

The article is dedicated to the issue of possible difficulties of rendering phonetic and graphical stylistic devices in translating English belles-lettres texts into Ukrainian. The survey of the existing theoretical works on this topic has revealed the relevance of the sound imitation and other ways of sound instrumentation in the general stylistic and pragmatic effect of the literary work.
It has been proved that typological discrepancies on one hand, and ethnic and cultural differences on the other hand result in additional challenges for belles-lettres literature translators.
In this respect children's literature requires special techniques in translation as young readers' perception is more dependent on the translator's skill. The research was carried out on the basis of K. Grahame's fairy tale «The Wind in the Willows» and its Ukrainian translation by A. Sahan «Вітер у вербах». The phonetic and graphical stylistic devices and the mechanism of their functioning in English children's literature served as the object of the research, the subject being the peculiarities of rendering these devices in Ukrainian translation.
The objective of the research was to provide the most efficient ways of rendering the phonetic and graphical stylistic devices in translation into the typologically different language.
It has been concluded that onomatopoeic words are more aptly rendered by means of the search for the analogue, while in preserving assonance and alliteration losses in rendering are more inevitable due to the typological discrepancies on the phonetic and lexical levels. However, the employment of translation transformations allows to optimize the quality of translation.
The perspective is seen in the study of the figures of speech of other linguistic levels and the ways of their rendering in Ukrainian translation.

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