Category: Issue #30

Velychenkov Olena & Fonar Liudmyla

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-3

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Models of Translation Equivalence in Machine Translation : Pragmatic Aspect

Svitlana Hrushko

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-4

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Contextual Subtext Information of a Foreign Language Text: Hermeneutic Approach

Lidiya Derbenyova

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-5

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Scientific Texts in the Paradigm of Translation Studies

Derik Ilona & Druzhyna Tetyana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-6

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Postediting in Machine Translation

Korolova Tetiana & Zhmayeva Natalya & Kolchah Yulia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-7

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Phonetic Devices of E. A. Poe’s poem “The Raven” and Techniques of their Embodiment in Translation

Naumenko Olha

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-8

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Grammatical Peculiarities of British Novel Translation into Ukrainian

Savchenko Yevheniia & Haishun Anhelina

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-9

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Language System in the Genetic Language Science of the 70-s in the 19^th — beginning of the 20^th cc.: O. Potebnia’s Concept of «Quantitative Changes of Consonants»

Sviatchenko Viktoriia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-10

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Segmental and Suprasegmental Phonetics of the Ukrainian Language

Steriopolo Olena

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-11

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Linguistic Specificity of English and Chinese Official Papers and  Business Style

Stoianova Tetiana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-12

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Linguacultural Aspect of Temporal Nominations

Shapoval Anna

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-13

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Anna Shapoval

Сandidate of Philology, Lecturer at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: skarllet77777@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–9718–5002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-13

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Key words: chrononym, linguaculture, linguistic picture of the world, nomination, temporal lexical units, luna and solar calendar.

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Analysis of linguocultural aspect of temporal nominations is impossible without involving the problems of hrononymic lexics. Chrononyms is an important information resource of a certain linguaculture, some distinctive peculiarities of conceptual picture of the world. The aim of the experimental analysis is a complex examination of the linguacultural aspect of temporal nominations that function in Chinese and Turkish languages reflecting the concepts of the world. The research was based on the material of the novels “Imperial woman” by Pearl Buck and “Roxolana” by Pavlo Zagrebelniy.

The analysis of recent scientific publications allowed us to come to the conclusion that the investigation of hrononymic lexics can involve different theoretical and practical principles.

Being guided by the existing classifications of chrononyms (N. Podolskaya, M. Torchinsky, S. Remmer) the linguocultural features of the following types of temporal chrononymic lexical units were identified and studied in the research: georthonyms, dynastic chrononyms, tumultonyms, parsonyms and mensonyms.

The results of the research demonstrate that not all lexical units of temporal denotation chosen from the above mentioned novels refer to the class of chrononyms. The group under investigation includes the following lexemes: nominations of the lunar calendar, nominations of the solar calendar, nominations of mixed calendar and temporal slots denoting day and night.

The basic system of chronology in the linguiacultures under analysis is the dominance of the lunar calendar nominations (Chinese picture of the world — 51,0 %, Turkish — 40,4 %). In the analyzed works the nominations of the solar calendar are used less often in the Chinese picture of the world; the usage of this unit reaches 20 %, and this phenomenon is historically conditioned. Mixed calendar nominations (21 % of temporal units) are rather common, solar calendar nominations are refined by the monthly calendar; it can be explained by the fact that the Chinese mind is conservative towards the new temporal system. In the Turkish picture of the world 45 % of temporal vocabulary belongs to the solar calendar since in the sixteenth century only a lunar calendar operated in the Ottoman Empire. It should be mentioned that significant place in the temporal vocabulary of “Roxolana” is conditioned by the influence of the linguistic personality of the author, who was a Ukrainian.

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REFERENCES

Ali-zade, A. A. (2007). Islamskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar [Encyclopedic dictionary of Islam]. Moskva: Ansar. [in Russian]

Zagrebelniy, P. A. (1983). Roksolana: roman [Roksolana: novel]. Kyiv: Dnipro [in Ukrainian].

Piotrovskiy, M. B. (1998). Hadir. [Hadir]. Mifyi narodov mira. Entsiklopediya — Myths of nations of the world. Encyclopedia. 2, 576 [in Russian].

Podolskaya, N. V. (1983). Slovar russkoy onimasticheskoy terminologii. [Dictionary of Russian onimastic terminology]. Moskva : Nauka [in Russian].

Remmer, S. A. (2005). Hrononimi yak osobliviy rozryad vlasnih. [Chrononyms as a specіfіed category of Proper names]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Donetsk [in Ukrainian].

Tolstaya, S. M. (2008). Prostranstvo slova. Leksicheskaya semantika v obscheslavyanskoy perspective [Lexical semantics in the general Slavic perspective]. Moskva : Indrik [in Russian].

Torchinskiy, M. M. (2010) Struktura, tipologIya i funktsionuvannya onimnoyi leksiki ukrayinskoyi movi [Structure, typology and function of the onymic vocabulary in Ukrainian language]. Candidate’s thesis. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

Hoffman E. (2008). Imena politicheskih sobytiy i ih onomizatsiya v sredstvah massovoy informatsii [Names of political events and their nomiтation in the media]. Voprosy onomastiki — Onomastics issues. (pp. 90–104) Ekaterinburg [in Russian].

Chzhou, Sh. B. (2004) Nominatsiya vidrszkiv chasu v riznostrukturnih onimschnih prostorah [Nomination of time segments in multistructured onymic spaces]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Donetsk [in Ukrainian].

Buck, Pearl S. (2009). Imperial woman: The story of the Last Empress of China. New York: Moyer bell.

Tetiana Stoianova

teacher-trainee of Department of Translation, Theoretical and Applied Linguistics,
State Institution “South Ukrainian National University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: t.v.stoianova@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–0424–6783

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-12

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Key words: official business style, international organization, regulatory document, linguistic and cultural features, grammatical differences.

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The article is devoted to the study of the linguistic characteristics of official business style documents in English and Chinese. The relevance of the topic is explained by the growing pace of globalization, which requires the correct and accurate formation of international documents. The study is based on a comparison of stylistic and grammatical characteristics and rules for the composition of the text of an official business document, in particular declarations, conventions and resolutions in both languages. Consideration of the concepts of an international organization, an international document, a regulatory agreement, etc., allowed the exploration of the essence and importance of such institutions as the UN and UNESCO, which directly create the declarations, conventions and resolutions that are considered in the article. A review of existing studies on the functional styles of both languages ​​revealed the features of the formation of the official business style of the English and Chinese languages, and their influence on the features of the formation of official business documents. Familiarization with the latest work of scientists has allowed us to obtain more accurate and relevant research results. The purpose, aim and basic features of the regulatory documents of the Chinese and English languages ​​do not differ, however, certain speech differences are traced. The main differences of the Chinese official business style are explained by the influence of the linguistic and cultural features of this language, which include morphological features, rules for loan words formation in the Chinese language, and some grammatical features that are presented in the article. The main reason for the changes and the formation of the modern official business language was the transition from Wenyang to Baihua, but with the preservation of a significant number of Wenyang clericalism. The article presents and analyzes examples of the English and Chinese parts of documents, which made it possible to conduct a quantitative analysis and generalize the features of documents of both languages ​​at the syntactic level in the form of a table.

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REFERENCES

Bol’shaya yuridicheskaya entsiklopediya. (2010). [The Great legal encyclopedia]. Seriya «Professional’nyye spravochniki i entsiklopedii». Moskva : Knizhnyy mir [in Russian].

Vinogradov V. V. (1955) Itogi obsuzhdeniya voprosov stilistiki. [Results of the discussion of stylistics issues]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya № 1. [in Russian].

Gal’perin I. R. (1981) Stilistika angliyskogo yazyka. [Stylistics of the English language.]. Moskva : Vyssh. shkola [in Russian].

Gorelov V. I. (1979) Stilistika sovremennogo kitayskogo yazyka. [Stylistics of the modern Chinese language.]. Moskva : «Prosveshcheniye» [in Russian].

Zahalʹna teoriya derzhavy i prava (2009) [General theory of state and law]. / za red.: M. V. Tsvika, O. V. Petryshyna. Kharkiv: Pravo [in Ukrainian].

Kurdyumov V. A. (2005) Kurs kytayskoho yazyka. Teoretycheskaya hrammatyka. [Chinese language course. Theoretical grammar.]. Moskva : TSYTADELʹ-TREYD; LADA, [in Russian].

Matsʹko L. I., Sydorenko O. M, Matsʹko O. M. (2003) Stylistyka ukrayinskoyi movy [Stylistics of the Ukrainian Language]. Kyiv : Vyshcha shk. [in Ukrainian].

Mizhnarodne pravo (2006) [International Law] / za red. M. V. Buromensʹkoho. Kyiv : Yurinkom Inter [in Ukrainian].

Ministerstvo zakordonnykh sprav Ukrayiny. [Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine.] URL: https://mfa.gov.ua/ua [in Ukrainian].

Mozhovyy V. I. (2008) Ukrayinsʹka mova u profesiynomu spilkuvanni. Modulʹnyy kurs. [The Ukrainian language in professional communication. Modular course.]. Kyiv : Tsentr uchbovoyi literatury [in Ukrainian].

Plotnytsʹka I. M. (2011) Dilova ukrayinsʹka mova v derzhavnomu upravlinni [Business Ukrainian in Public Administration]. Kyiv : NADU [in Ukrainian].

Pradid YU. F. (2006) U tsaryni linhvistyky i prava. [In the realm of linguistics and law.]. Simferopol : Elino [in Ukrainian].

Pro mizhnarodni dohovory Ukrayiny [On the international treaties of Ukraine] : Zakon Ukrayiny vid 29.06.2004 № 1906-IV. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1906–15. [in Ukrainian].

Ruda N. V. (2017) Strukturno-semantychni osoblyvosti bahatokomponentnykh skladnykh rechenʹ u suchasniy kytaysʹkiy movi [Structural and semantic features of multicomponent complex sentences in modern Chinese.]. : avtoref. dys. … kand. filol. nauk: 10.02.13. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

Selivanova O. O. (2010) Linhvistychna entsyklopediya. [Linguistic Encyclopedia.] Poltava : Dovkillya-K [in Ukrainian].

Slovar mezhdunarodnoho prava. (2014) [Dictionary of International Law]. Moskva : Statut [in Russian].

Sofronov M. V. (2007) Kytayskyy yazyk y kytayskaya pysmennost. [Chinese language and Chinese writing.]. Moskva : AST: Vostok-Zapad [in Russian].

Khazova O. A. (2015) Iskusstvo yuridicheskogo pis’ma. [The art of legal writing]. Moskva : Izdatel’stvo Yurayt [in Russian].

Creech R. L. (2005) Low and Language in the European Union : The Paradox of a Babel «Nnited in Diversity». [in English].

Encyclopaedia Britannica. URL: https://www.britannica.com. [in English].

The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language (2016) / edited by Chan Sin-wai. [in English].

UNESCO. URL: https://en.unesco.org. [in English].

Ma Nan (2017) Guoji huiyi wenjian yinghan fanyi xiangmu shijian baogao [Practice Report on English-Chinese Translation Projects of International Conference Documents] : shuoshi xuewei lunwen: fanyi shuoshi. Shenyang. [in Chinese].

Liu Haitao (2009) Falu wenshu yu gongwen yuyan biaoshu wenti pingxi [Commentary on the language expression of legal documents and official documents] Anshun xueyuan xuebao. [in Chinese].

Sun Heping (2007) Shi lun woguo xian jieduan guojia gongwen tixi [On China’s Current National Official Document System] Gongwen xiezuo. [in Chinese].

Olena Steriopolo

Doctor of Philology, Professor at the Department of Germanic and Finno-Ugric Philology, Kyiv National Linguistic University
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: elenasteriopolo@gmail.com
ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000–0002–6247–4805

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-11

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Key words: phonetic, phonology, syntagmatics, paradigmatics, types of syllables, word stress, intonation.

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The article is dedicated to the study of the current state of segmental and suprasegmental phonetics and phonology of the Ukrainian language reviewed from the recent comparative investigations. In the focus of the research there is the analysis of phonemes’ syntagmatics and paradigmatics as well as the survey of the word stress realizations and the peculiarities of Ukrainian intonation as contrasted to German.

The phonetical and phonological peculiar features of sound system and structural types of syllables in Ukrainian are also analyzed. Besides, Ukrainian word stress and intonation are studied as well as the phonetic realization of Aesop’s fable “The Sun and the Wind”.

The research has been focused on the functioning of phonemes in the strong and weak position, in stressed and unstressed syllables. The typological discrepancies on the segmental and suprasegmental levels have been made distinct. The peculiarities of transcribing and transliterating Ukrainian texts in German have also been studied. The following conclusions have been arrived at. Ukrainian intonation differs from German intonation by the melody of interrogative sentences.

The most relevant words in the utterance, the so-called semantic centres, are tonically realized at the highest pitch level with the subsequent fall, the intensity is maximum. The semantic centre in the Ukrainian texts under investigation is in the final part of the utterances, while in spontaneous speech the position of the centre may vary.

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REFERENCES

Zhovtobrjukh, M. A. Rusanivs’ky, V. M., Skl’arenko, W. G. (1979). Istor’ ija ukrajins’koji movy. Fonetyka.[The History of the Ukrainian language. Phonetics]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].

Rusanivs’ky, V. M., Taranenko, O. O., Zyablyuk, M. P. (2004). Ukrajins’ka mova: Entsyklopediya. [The Ukrainian language: Encyclopedia]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

Steriopolo, О. І. (2018). Phonetik und Phonologie des Deutschen. [Phonetics and Phonology of German]. Kyiv: Unicheck [in German].

Tots’ka, N. I. (1981). Suchasna ukrajins’ka literaturna mova. Fonetyka, orfoepiya, hrafika, orfohrafiya. [The Modern Ukrainian Literary Language. Phonetics, orthoepy, graphics, orthography]. Kyiv: Vyshcha shkola.[in Ukrainian].

Viktoriia Sviatchenko

Candidate of Philology, teacher of Slovyansk College of National Aviation University Slavyansk, Ukraine
e-mail: sviatchenkovv@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–5425–5744

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-10

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Key words: comparative historical linguistics, historical phonetics, system language, the structure of language, konsonantyzm, phonetic law.

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The article provides a thorough account on A. A. Potebnia’s views on the systemic nature of the language presented in his works on historical phonetics of the Eastern Slavic languages. The practical implementation of his ideas in this respect is studied. The comprehension of the systemic character of phonetic changes of the Khrakiv linguistic school representative has urged the search of their interrelations as well as the attempt to identify homogeneous phonetic laws that share a common cause and act in a certain period of the language history, which is emphasized by the author of the article.

It is noted that A. A. Potebnia focused on consonant changes that took place in different conditions. The causes of phonetic laws mentioned in the article can not be reduced to the interaction of sounds in a speech stream, the material provided by A. A. Potebnia proves that they are to be found within the phonetic system itself. The author of the article shares the views of V. A. Glushchenko that Potebnia’s investigations embrace all phonetic laws in the history of the Eastern Slavic languages’ consonant systems.

The relevance of Potebnia’s research on the systemic nature of the language that has retained their value for the linguistics of the XX — beginning of XXI century is identified.

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REFERENCES

Glushhenko, V. A. (1998). Pry’ncy’py’ porivnyal’no-istory’chnogo doslidzhennya v ukrayins’komu i rosijs’komu movoznavstvi (70-i rr. XIX st. — 20-i rr. XX st.) [The principles of rupture-historical development in Ukrainian and Russian cognition (70-s in the 19^th –20-s of the 20^th cc.)]. Donecz’k [in Ukrainian].

Glushhenko, V. A. (2017). Porivnyal’no-istory’chny’j metod v ukrayins’komu ta rosijs’komu movoznavstvi XIX st. — 30-x rr. XX st. : monografiya [Historical method in Ukrainian and Russian Cumans of the 19^th–20-s of the 30^th cc.]. Slov’yans’k [in Ukrainian].

Zhovtobryux, M. A. (1962). Znachennya pracz’ O. O. Potebni dlya rozvy’tku vitchy’znyanogo movoznavstva. [The significance of the forefather O. O. Potent’s for the development of a rational cognition]. Ky’yiv [in Ukrainian].

Kasatkin, L. L. (1995). Nekotorye foneticheskie izmenenija v konsonantnyh sochetanijah v russkom, drevnerusskom i praslavjanskom jazykah, svjazannye s protivopostavleniem soglasnyh po naprjazhennosti/nenaprjazhennosti. [Some phonetic changes in consonantal combinations in Russian, Old Russian and Praslavonic languages, connected with the opposition of consonants in tension/non tension]. Voprosy jazykoznanija [in Russian].

Kolesov, V. V. (1980) Istoricheskaja fonetika russkogo jazyka [Historical phonetics of the Russian language]. Moskva [in Russian].

Kubrjakova, E. S. & Mel’nikov, G. P. (1972). O ponjatijah jazykovoj sistemy i struktury jazyka [About the concepts of language system and language structure]. Obshhee jazykoznanie: Vnutrennjaja struktura jazyka. Moskva [in Russian].

Trubeckoj, N. S. (1960). Osnovy fonologii [Basics of phonology]. Moskva [in Russian].

Paufoshima, R. F. (1983). Nekotorye osobennosti sandhi v severnorusskih govorah [Some features of Sandhi in North Russian Tales]. Russkie narodnye govory: Lingvogeograficheskie issledovanija. Moskva [in Russian].

Plotkin, V. J. (1982). Jevoljucija fonologicheskih sistem: na materiale germanskih jazykov [The evolution of phonological systems: on the material of the Germanic languages]. Moskva [in Russian].

Potebnja, A. A. (1866). Dva issledovanija o zvukah russkogo jazyka: I. O polnoglasii, II. O zvukovyh osobennostjah russkih narechij [Two studies on sounds of Russian language: I. About full voice. II. About the sound features of Russian dialects]. Voronezh [in Russian].

Potebnja, A. A. (1977). Iz zapisok po russkoj grammatike [From notes on Russian grammar]. V. 4, r. 2. Moskva [in Russian].

Potebnja, A. A. (1896). Otzyv o sochinenii A. Sobolevskogo «Ocherki iz istorii russkogo jazyka» [Review of the composition of “Essays from the history of the Russian language” by A. Sobolevsky]. Р. 1., v. 1. Ky’ev [in Russian].

Potebnja, A. A. (1880). K istorii zvukov russkogo jazyka: Jetimologicheskie i drugie zametki [To the history of sounds of the Russian language: Etymological and other notes]. Р. 2. Varshava [in Russian].

Potebnja, A. A. (1876). K istorii zvukov russkogo jazyka [To the history of the sounds of the Russian language]. Р. 1. VI. Voronezh [in Russian].

Yevheniia Savchenko

Candidate of Philology, Assistant Professor at the Department of Translation and Theoratical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: anneshirley2687@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–7000–5155

Anhelina Haishun

Master of Arts in Translation Studies, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: joli95299@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–1873–6695

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-9

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Key words: fiction, grammatical transformations, morphological transformations, syntactic transformations.

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One of the most important tasks of the translator is to achieve the equivalence of the translation text. As a result, translators are forced to use various transformations, in particular grammatical ones. The study of grammatical transformations is also important from the point of view of identifying linguistic equivalence, the originality of the English literary language, its inherent characteristics. All of the above determines the relevance of the paper topic.

The aim of the work is to study the basic principles of the functioning of grammatical transformations in the British novel translation into Ukrainian.

The study is based on the continuous sampling method, translation and comparative method, transformational analysis, descriptive and quantitative methods and interpretive analysis methods.

It was found that morphological transformations were carried out using full, zero, partial translations, functional substitution (correspondence), assimilation, conversion and antonymic translation in the conditions of similarity of forms. The morphological transformations in the conditions of form discrimination were carried out using zero translation, functional substitution, conversion, expansion and contraction. The syntactic transformations at the level of word combinations were carried out using a full translation, such types of partial translation as contraction, expansion and transposition, functional substitution, translation commentary or descriptive translation. The syntactic transformations at the sentence level were carried out using zero translation, functional substitution, transposition, expansion, contraction, antonymic translation, addition, omission.

Such transformations most often complement each other, thereby compensating a certain loss of information in a certain extent through the restructuring of the original text. Each such transformation is directed, first of all, to an adequate way of transferring the initial information in forms that are acceptable for the cultural tradition and the target language.

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REFERENCES

Zhmaieva, N. S., & Yukhymets, S. Yu. (2019). Do pytannia vyznachennia kryteriiv otsiniuvannia adekvatnosti perekladu [On the issue of translation adequacy assessment criteria]. PNPU imeni K. D. Ushynskoho: zb. nauk. prats (linhvistychni nauky), 29, 104–119 [in Ukrainian].

Kazakova, T. A. (2005). Prakticheskie osnovyi perevoda [Translation Techniques English-Russian]. Sankt-Peterburg: Soyuz [in Russian].

Korunets, I. V. (2003). Teoriia i praktyka perekladu (aspektnyi pereklad): pidruchnyk [Theory and practice of translation (aspect translation)]. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha [in Ukrainian].

Kyiak, T. R., Naumenko, A. M. & Ohui, O. D. (2006). Teoriia ta praktyka perekladu (nimetska mova) [The theory and practice of translation (the German language)]. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha [in Ukrainian].

Robinson, D. (2017). What kind of literature is a literary translation? Target, 29/3, 440–463.

Olha Naumenko

Candidate of Philology, Lecturer at the Department of Theory and Practice of Translation from English, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University
Mykolaiv, Ukraine
e-mail: tender14@gmail.com

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-8

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Key words: phonetic devices, alliteration, assonance, anaphora, epiphora, stylistic equivalence, stylistic strengthening, stylistic weakening, stylistic individualization, stylistic grading.

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The given article is devoted to the studying of main phonetic devices in E. A. Poe’s poem “The Raven” and peculiarities of their rendering in three target languages. Comparative analysis has been based on the original of the poem and its Ukrainian translations of P. Hrabovskyi, H. Kochur, A. Onyshko, V. Marach; Russian translations of S. Andreyevsky, K. Balmont, V. Bryusov, V. Betaki; German translations of K. T. Eben, H. Lachmann, T. Etzel, H. Wollschläger. The main techniques of phonetic devices rendering have been revealed. They are: stylistic equivalence, stylistic strengthening, stylistic weakening, stylistic individualization, stylistic grading. In the course of comparative analysis of E. A. Poe’s poem “The Raven” and its Ukrainian, Russian and German translations it has been found, that early translations, Ukrainian and Russian in particular, are aimed at sense rendering and do not pay much attention to the form, especially to the phonetic devices. In later translations the form and the sense of the original are preserved equally. However, notwithstanding high accuracy of later Ukrainian and Russian translations, German translations are the most precise ones as to phonetic devices’ rendering, because English and German belong to one language group — German group of Indo-European family, that’s why they have many similarities in the phonetic organization.

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REFERENCES

Betsenko, Т., & Holub, І. (2015). Stylistyka suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy. Fonika [Stylistics of Contemporary Ukrainian Language. Phonics]. Sumy: VVP “Mriia” [in Ukrainian].

Kabysh, M. Yu. (2010). Do problemy doslidzhennia zvukotropiv [To the Problem of Phonetic Devices’ Studying]. Visnyk kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Seriia “Filolohiia” : zbirnyk naukovykh prats ukrainskoiu, rosiiskoiu ta anhliiskoiu movamy. – V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin. Series “Philology” : Collection of Scientific Papers in Ukrainian, Russian and English. (Vol. 60, P. 1). (pp. 179–184) [in Ukrainian].

Korunets, I. V. (2008). Vstup do perekladoznavstva [Introduction to Translation Studies]. Vinnytsia : Nova Knyha [in Ukrainian].

Retsker, Ya. I. (2007). Teoriia perevoda i perevodcheskaia praktika. Ocherki lingvisticheskoi teorii perevoda [Theory of Translation and Translation Practice. Linguistic Theory of Translation Essays]. Moskow : “R. Valent” [in Russian].

Shveitser, A. D. (2009). Teoriia perevoda: Status, problemy, aspekty [Theory of Translation: Status, Problems, Aspects]. Moskow : Knizhnyi Dom “”LIBRIKON” [in Russian].

Shtykhno, I. V. (2012). Fonostylistychnyi resurs movy yak zasib stvorennia khudozhnosti [Phonostylistic Resource of the Language as Means of Artistry Creation]. Linhvistychni doslidzhennia : Zb. nauk. prats KhNPU im. H. S. Skovorody – Linguistic Studies : H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University Collection of Scientific Papers. (Vol. 34). (pp. 215–218) [in Ukrainian].

Eco, U. (2006). Skazat pochti to zhe samoe. Opyty o perevode [Saying Almost the Same Thing. Experiences in Translation]. Saint Petersburg : “Simpozium” [in Russian].

Poe E. A. (2009). The Philosophy of Composition. Retrieved from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69390/the-philosophy-of-composition.

Tetiana Korolova

Doctor of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Translation, Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: kortami863@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0003–3441–196X

Natalya Zhmayeva

Ph.D. in Philology, Associate Professor at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky»
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: zhmaeva@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0003–3382–0155

Yulia Kolchah

Master of Arts in Philology, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky»
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: juliaigorivna@ukr.net

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-7

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Key words: machine translation, informative text, Google Neural Machine Translation, translation quality level, type of post-editing.

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Modern industry of translation services singles out two translation quality levels that can be reached as a result of machine translation (MT) post-editing: good enough quality foresees rendering the main information of the source message, admitting stylistic, syntactic and morphological flaws while quality similar or equal to human translation is a full dress version of a post-edited text, ready to be published.

The overview of MT systems enables us to consider Google Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) which is based on the most modern methods of training to reach maximum improvements the most powerful one.

When analyzing texts translated by means of Google Translate the following problems were identified: distortion of the referential meaning of the source message, incorrect choice of variant equivalences, lack of terms harmonization, lack of abbreviations rendering, inconformity of linguistic units in persons, numbers and cases, incorrect choice of functional correspondings when rendering absolute constructions, gerund and participial constructions, literal translation of phrases, lack of transformations of the grammatical structure of the source message (additions, rearrangements).

Taking into account the classified issues of machine translation as well as the levels of post-editing quality post-editing of the texts translated by means of MT is carried out, demands and recommendations applicable to post-editing results of MT within the language pair under analysis with respect to peculiarities of the specific MT system and the type of translated texts are provided.

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REFERENCES

Andriienko, L. O. (2005) Problemy rozvytku mashynoho perekladu na suchasnomu etapi [The Issues of Machine Traslation Development at the Present Stage], Humanitarnyi visnyk. Seriia: Inozemna filolohiia Cherkasy, 348–351 [in Ukrainian].

Nechaeva, N. V., Svetova, S. Yu. (2018) Postredaktirovanie mashinnogo perevoda kak aktualnoe napravlenie podgotovki perevodchikov v vuzah [Post-Editing Machine Translation as a New Activity for Teaching Translation at Universities], Teaching Methodology in Higher Education, 7, 25, 64–72 [in Russian].

Osipa, L. V. (2008) Kompiuternyi pereklad tekstu za dopomohoiu systemy mashynnoho perekladu RRAGMA [Computer Assisted Translation by Means of Pragama], Informatyka ta informatsiini tekhnolohii v navchalnykh zakladakh, 1 (13), 14–19 [in Ukrainian].

Stakhmych, Yu. S. (2013) Adekvatnist ta ekvivalentnist perekladu v konteksti kompiuternoi linhvistyky [Adequacy and Equivalence of Translation in the Context of Computer Linguistics], Visnyk Zhytomyrskoho derzhavnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka, 66, 235–238 [in Ukrainian].

Honig H. G. (1998) Positions, Power and Practice: Functionalist Approaches and Translation Quality Assessment // Translation аnd Quality / C. Schaffner (ed.). — Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, 6–34.

Ilona Derik

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution „South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky“
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: ilonaderik@gmail.com
ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000–0003–1476–2391

Tetyana Druzhyna

Candidate of Philology, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution „South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky“
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: t.a.druzhyna@gmail.com
ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000–0002–2679–713X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-6

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Key words: scientific texts, functional-communicative approach, strategies, tactics.

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The article is dedicated to the study of the specificity of translating scientific texts from English into Ukrainian. In the focus of the research there is the survey of the finding in this field. There is also provided the analysis of the strategies and tactics of translation employed in accordance with the functional-communicative approach to translation studies.

The research was carried out on the basis of the scientific texts of different genres (articles, theses, reports) presented in English and their translations into Ukrainian. The objective was formulated as the analysis of the adequacy of the tactics employed to the dominant translation strategy, the search for the grounding of the accuracy of the operations at work as well as the formulation of the assessment criteria.

The conclusion was drawn that the employment of such translation transformations as grammatical and functional replacement, transposition and search for translation equivalent are observed while employing the tactic of conveying relevant information.

It has been proved that the strategy of communicatively relevant translation is the most appropriate for the translation of the scientific texts. It is realized by means of the following tactics: the tactic of rendering relevant information, the tactic of preserving formal and structural peculiarities, the tactic of the correct presentation of information and rendering the distinctive features of the functional style and genre.

The quantitative parameters of the distribution of translation strategies, tactics and operations have revealed the typological commonness of the operations employed.

There has been observed the correlation of the transformations of transcoding (transliteration and transcription), contextual replacement and the tactic of linguistic and cultural adaptation.

The perspective of the study of the variability of strategies and tactics in translating scientific discourse is seen in researching the distinctive parameters of the translation strategies and tactics and in performing comparative analysis.

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REFERENCES

1. Karaban V. I. (1997). Posibnyk-dovidnyk z perekladu naukovo-tekhnichnoi literatury. [Textbook on scientific-technical literature translation]. Kyiv: Tempus [in Ukrainian].
2. Karaban V. I. (2002). Pereklad anhliiskoi naukovoi i tekhnichnoi literatury.[English scientific and technical literature translation] Vinnytsia: Nova knyha [in Ukrainian].
3. Kyiak T. R. (2010). Teoriia ta praktyka perekladu. [Theory and practice of translation]. Vinnytsia : Nova Knyha [in Ukrainian].
4. Kyiak T. R. (2004). Forma i zmist movnoho znaka. [Form and meaning of the language sign]. Kharkiv : Konstanta [in Ukrainian].
5. Panov S. F. (2010). Fakhovooriientovanyi pereklad tekhnichnoi literatury. [Professionally oriented translation of technical literature]. Donetsk [in Ukrainian].
6. Petrova T. I.(2002). Anhliiska mova. Naukovyi pereklad. [The English language. Scientific translation]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
7. Chernovatyi L. M., Karaban V. I., Omelianchuk O. O. (2006). Pereklad anhlomovnoi tekhnichnoi literatury. [English technical literature translation]. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha [in Ukrainian].

Lidiya Derbenyova

Doctor in Philology, Professor Ivano-Frankivsk
National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
e-mail: derbenyovalv@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0003–0288–907X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-5

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Key words: hermeneutics, information, interpretation, text, translation, communication.

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The article focuses on the problems of translation in the field of hermeneutics, understood as a methodology in the activity of an interpreter, the doctrine of the interpretation of texts, as a component of the transmission of information in a communicative aspect. The relevance of the study is caused by the special attention of modern linguistics to the under-researched issues of hermeneutics related to the problems of transmission of foreign language text semantics in translation.

The process of translation in the aspect of hermeneutics is regarded as the optimum search and decision-making process, which corresponds to a specific set of functional criteria of translation, which can take many divergent forms.

The translator carries out a number of specific translation activities: the choice of linguistic means and means of expression in the translation language, replacement and compensation of nonequivalent units. The search for the optimal solution itself is carried out using the “trial and error” method. The translator always acts as an interpreter. Within the boundaries of a individual utterance, it must be mentally reconstructed as conceptual situations, the mentally linguistic actions of the author, which are verbalized in this text.

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REFERENCES

Bahtin, M. M. (1975). Voprosy literatury i estetiki. Moskva: Hudozhestvennaya literatura [in Russian].

Bahtin, M. M. (1975). Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva. Moskva: «Iskusstvo» [in Russian].

Vrigt G. H. fon. (1986). Logiko-filosofskie issledovaniya. Moskva: «Progress» [in Russian].

Galperin, I. R. (1981.) Tekst kak obekt lingvisticheskogo issledovaniya. Moskva: Nauka [in Russian].

Lotman, Yu. (1992). Izbrannye stati: V 3 t. T. 1. Tallinn: Aleksandra [in Estoniya].

Morozkina, E. A. (2012). Germenevtika v filologii, lingvistike i perevodovedenii. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta. Ufa. T. 17, № 1. [in Russian].

Shlejermaher, F.(2004). Germenevtika. — Sankt-Peterburg.: «Evropejskij Dom» [in Russian].

Stolze R. The Translator’s Apporach — Introduction to Translational Hermeneutics. Theory and Examples from Practice. — Berlin: Frank & Timme. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 275598737_Stolze_Radegundis_2011_The_Translator’s_Approach_Introdu ction_to_ Translational_ Hermeneutics_Theory_and Examples_ from_ Practice