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Category: Issue #30

Svitlana Hrushkopdf

Condidate of Philology, Associate Professor of Translation and Theoretical
and applied linguistics of the State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky»
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: svetagrushko64@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–9940–7780

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-4

Key words: machine translation, algorithm, linguistic equivalents, models of translation.

The purpose of the article is to study problems of translation equivalence in machine translation, which is based on a sequence of invariable actions (algorithms) with a text to identify linguistic equivalents in a pair of languages at a given direction of translation by means of a computer, in respect of the pragmatic aspect.

Translation equivalence is understood as a specific type of equivalence, which is fundamentally different from other types, since it does not correlate with the phenomena that have a special place in the structure of a language, but the phenomena that currently exist in a language correlation or are equivalent to the text content. The translation is formalized, but allows getting an idea of the text content at the introductory level, since it is not an accurate, adequate translation, but performs the function of rendering basic information. Machine translation is not able to render nuances of an original text, not only at the lexical level. When translating, it is necessary to take peculiarities of syntax and semantics into account. Adequate computer translation is almost impossible in this case. This fact is recognized by all scholars who study possibilities of this type of translation only when rendering main content of a document without taking language nuances and features into account.

Machine translation can be carried out on a basis of the translation equivalence (objective and dynamic) model. The model in terms of linguistic technology provides an optimal solution of problems of independent linguistic description and algorithm.

The system of translation equivalence, which can be implemented within the model of translation equivalence, allows providing sufficient quality of machine translation at the pre-editing stage. When creating a machine translation program, in addition to solving linguistic problems, a program of their implementation is also necessary, since a translation program is a tool for studying and finding information in a foreign language, and the prospects of a machine translation are related to the further development of translation theory and practice in general.

REFERENCES

  1. Valipur, A. (2010). Neskolko slov ob ispolzovanii formalizatsii i funktsionalizma pri obrabotke teksta [A Few Words on Formalization and Functionalism in Text Processing]. www.ensani.ir. Retrived from https: // www.ensani.ir/storage/Files/20101208140318–308.pdf [in Russian].
  2. Kotov, R. G., Novikov, A. I., & Skokan, Yu. P. (1987). Prikladnaia lingvistika i informatsionnaia tekhnologiia [Applied Linguistics and Information Technology]. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].
  3. Marchuk, Yu. N. (1983). Problemy mashinnogo perevoda [Machine Translation Issues]. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].
  4. Marchuk, Yu. N. (2007). Kompiuternaia lingvistika [Computational Linguistics]. Moscow: AST: Vostok-Zapad [in Russian].
  5. Marchuk, Yu. N. (1979). Sintaktiko-semanticheskii analiz v sisteme mashinnogo perevoda AMPAR [Syntactic-semantic Analysis in the AMTER Machine Translation System]. Proceedings from Mezhdunarodnyi seminar po mashinnomu perevodu — International Workshop on Machine Translation. (pp. 8–9). Moscow: VTsP [in Russian].

Olena Velychenkopdf

Candidate of Philology, Lecturer at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: lepinapelina@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0002–8349–5621

Liudmyla Fonar

Master of Philology, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: fonar_l_s@ukr.net
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0002–7478–6742

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-3

Key words: humorous fantasy, linguostylistics of fantasy, occasionalism, proper names, adequate fantasy translation, methods of fantasy translation, translation strategies, translation tactics, translation operations, strategy of communicative-equal translation.

The relevance of an article is based on the need for a thorough study of means of linguostylistic actualization of English humor in modern fantasy literature and features of its rendering in Ukrainian translations, taking into account pragmatic and cross-cultural components. This is due to the popularity of the fantasy genre among a readership, and therefore requires the study of the features and problems of adequate translation of foreign fantasy novels by Ukrainian specialists, who often have difficulties translating author neologisms (occasionalisms) and proper names of fantasy creatures and characters. Increased interest in translation studies in many aspects of fantasy issues is evidenced by the recent emergence of a large number of works that reveal different aspects of humor. However, despite the interest in the subject, there is a small amount of exploration that addresses the issues of rendering humor and comic occasionalisms as units of linguostylistics in fantasy books in the English-Ukrainian translation.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the linguostylistic specificity of translation of the humorous fantasy “Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them” from English into Ukrainian. The paper presents an analysis of the research material for the purpose of establishing the linguostylistic essence of J. K. Rolling’s occasionalisms, as well as the specifics of their interpretation, taking into account difficulties and cases of incompatibility of translation of the original due to various types and causes of complete and partial loss of sense of the original source. The basis for a comprehensive study of linguistic problems of author’s word-formation and translation analysis of tactics and operations involved in implementing a strategy of communicative-equal translation and adequate rendering of humorous fantasy in a pair of typologically different languages ​​English-Ukrainian has been improved.

REFERENCES

Bodle, A. (n.d.). “How new words are born”. www.theguardian.com. Retrived from https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2016/feb/04/english-neologisms-new-words [in English].

Demetska, V. (2019). Adaptyvna model perekladu v psykholinhvistychnomu vymiri [Adaptive Model in Translation: Psycholinguistic Dimension]. Psycholinguistics. 26 (2). (pp. 70–90). [in Ukrainian]. DOI: 10.31470/2309–1797–2019–26–2-70–90

Dubichynskyi, V. V. (2011). Leksykohrafiia [Lexicography]. Kharkiv: NTU “KhPI” [in Ukrainian].

Literary Devices. Definition and Examples of Literary Terms. (n.d.). www.literarydevices.net. Retrieved from URL: https://literarydevices.net/fantasy/ [in English].

Neliubin, L. L. (2003). Tolkovyi perevodovedcheskii slovar [Explanatory Dictionary on Translation Studies]. Moscow: Flinta: Nauka [in Russian].

Neocortex. (n.d.). www.neocortex.ru. Retrieved from http://www.neocortex.ru/index/letterslist.html [in Russian].

Płońska, Dagmara. (2014). Strategies of Translation. Psychology of Language and Communication. (Vols. 18, No. 1). (pp. 67–74). [in English]. DOI: 10.2478/plc-2014–0005

Sdobnikov, V. V. (2015). Kommunikativnaia situatsiia kak osnova vybora strategii perevoda [Communicative Situation as the Basis for Choosing a Translation Strategy]. Doctor’s thesis. Moscow [in Russian].

Vlakhov, S., & Florin, S. (1980). Neperevodimoie v perevode [Untranslatable in Translation]. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyie otnosheniia [in Russian].

Zorivchak, R. P. (1989). Realiia i pereklad [Realia and Translation]. Lviv: Vyd-vo pry Lviv. un-ti [in Ukrainian].

Evelina Boevapdf

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Department of Ukrainian and Foreign Literature, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky”
Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: evelinaboeva4@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https: // orcid.org / 0000–0001–5966–0538

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-2

Key words: oikodomonyms, toponyms, advertising, structural-semantic models, appellative-based names, otonomastic names, conotonym, onimization, transonymization.

The article discusses the ongoing linguistic problem — the phenomenon of modern houses nomination, which is directly related to the phenomenon of naming, as one of the components of an advertising strategy. Modern advertising is a part of popular culture; it gives information about the individual needs of people, based not only on the information about the product, but also on the demonstration of the benefits that the buyer will receive by purchasing a particular product. The relevance of the problem is tied to the active use of modern language, advertising, marketing technologies in almost all spheres of human activity. The aim of the article is the implementation of a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative study of the Odessa’s oikodomonyms, taking into account their structural and semantic features; the selection of criteria, principles and motives for modern houses nomination. The linguistic status of oikodomonyms in the onomastic space has been determined, the use of appropriate terminology has been justified, and the basic structural and semantic models of oikodomonyms have been identified. The oikodomonyms are mainly formed by onymization, transonymization, which is structurally represented by one-component, two-component and multicomponent (descriptive) constructions, among which the first two types are productive. The substantive model of the oikodomonyms’ nomination is more productive (approximately 57.4 %) than the adjective (approximately 31.48 %). The proper names, which are the names of the houses, have been classified by the author of the article into neutral and connotative. The oikodomonyms as the connotative markers of the onomastic system are based on the associative connections with architectural features, exterior, size of houses, location etc.

REFERENCES

Beley, O. O. (1999). Suchasna ukrai’ns’ka ergonimija [Modern Ukrainian Ergonomics: Own Names of Transcarpathian Enterprises]. Uzhhorod: Transcarpathia, 111 p. [in Ukrainian].

Karpenko, Yu.O. (1990). Onimizacija i transonimizacija jak slovotvirnyj akt [Animation and transonymization as a word-forming act.] Sixth Republican Onomastic Conference (December 4–6, 1990): abstracts and reports. Odessa, pp.35–37. [in Ukrainian].

Kutuza, N. V. (2018). Komunikatyvna sugestija v reklamnomu dyskursi: psyholingvistychnyj aspekt [Communicative suggestion in advertising discourse: psycholinguistic aspect]. Kyiv: Dmitry Burago Publishing House, 736 p. [in Ukrainian].

Kutuza, N. V. (2003). Strukturno-semantychni modeli ergonimiv (na materiali ergonimikonu m.Odesy) [Structural-semantic models of ergonomics (on the material of the ergonomics of Odessa)]. Odessa: Astroprint, 20 p. [in Ukrainian].

Morris, C. U. (1983). Osnovanija teorii znakov [The grounds of the theory of signs]. Semiotics. Moscow: Rainbow, pp.35–42. [in Russian].

Podolskaya, N. V. (1988). Slovar’ russkoj onomasticheskoj terminologii [Dictionary of Russian onomastic terminology]. Moscow: Nauka, 192 p. [in Russian].

Rudnev, V. P. (1997). Jenciklopedicheskij slovar’ kul’tury HH veka [Encyclopedic dictionary of culture of the twentieth century]. Moscow: Argraf, 384 p. [in Russian].

Sotnikova, E. A. (2004). Aromat cvetushhih roz (Ob imenovanijah v parfjumerii) [The aroma of blooming roses (On names in perfumery)]. Russian speech. Vol. 4. pp.21–26. [in Russian].

Shmeleva, T. V. (1991). Sovremennaja godonimija: semantika i semiotika [Modern year names: semantics and semiotics]. Linguistic study of local lore. Perm: Publishing House of PSPI, pp.33–38. [in Russian].

Vladyslava Akkurtpdf

Candidate of Philology, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: ladyboss2105@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0003–3542–3428

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-30-1

Key words: speech influence, neurolinguistic programming, suggestion, manipulation, persuasion, motivation, propaganda.

Words are usually used in their direct meaning, but often the information provided is hidden. Manipulation is used in almost all spheres of human activity — in politics, advertising, jurisprudence, literature, psychotherapy, training, informal communication, etc., that makes it relevant for researchers.

The article deals with the main points of view on linguistic manipulation as a complex psycholinguistic process and a kind of linguistic influence by the method of analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific researches of native and foreign specialists in linguistics, psychology, rhetoric, neurolinguistic programming and discourse theory.

Although the manipulative capacity of language is increasingly becoming the object of various linguistic studies, the main complexities of studying the phenomenon of speech influence remain. They are due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject matter, the confusion of different modes of influence in language practices, and the lack of a generally accepted classification of means and methods of manipulation in linguistics.

The main features of manipulation are: the hidden nature of the influence; the desire to subordinate the addressee of his will, change his views, perceptions, etc.; mastery of language and psychological skills; special linguistic organization of the text that contributes to errors in the interlocutor’s mind; lack of a defensive response from the addressee and the creation of the illusion of decision-making independence. Taken together, all these features distinguish linguistic manipulation from other forms of influence (rhetorically organized language, linguistic demagogy, propaganda, and neurolinguistic programming).

REFERENCES

Akkurt V. Ye. Teoretychni aspekty ponyattya suhestyvnosti v linhvistytsi. [Theoretical aspects of the concept of suggestion in linguistics]. Naukovyi Visnyk Pivdennoukrainskoho Natsionalnoho Pedahohichnoho Universytetu imeni K. D. Ushynskoho. Linhvistychni nauky — Scientific Research Issues of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences, 28, 5–13 [in Ukrainian].

Aronson, E., Pratkanis E. R. (2003). Epokha propagandy: Mekhanizmy ubezhdeniya, povsednevnoye ispol’zovaniye i zloupotrebleniye [The era of propaganda: The mechanisms of persuasion, daily use and abuse]. Saint Petersburg: praym-YEVROZNAK [in Russian].

Bessonov, B. N. (1971). Propaganda i manipulyatsiya kak instrumenty dukhovnogo poraboshcheniya [Propaganda and manipulation as tools of spiritual enslavement]. Moscow: Mysl’ [in Russian].

Bekhterev, V. M. (2001). Vnusheniye i yego rol’ v obshchestvennoy zhizni [Suggestion and its role in public life]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].

Bredemayyer, K. (2014). Chernaya ritorika: Vlast’ i magiya slova [Black Rhetoric: power and magic of words]. Moscow: Al’pina Biznes Buks [in Russian].

Bendler, R. & Grinder, Dzh. (2015). Bol’shaya entsiklopediya NLP. Struktura magii [Great Encyclopedia of NLP. The structure of magic]. Moscow: AST [in Russian].

Voytasik, L. (1981). Psikhologiya politicheskoy propagandy [Psychology of political propaganda]. Moscow: Progress [in Russian].

Goncharov, G. A. (1995). Suggestiya: teoriya i praktika [Suggestion: theory and practice]. Moscow: «KSP» [in Russian].

Grays, G. P. (1985). Logika i rechevoye obshcheniye [Logic and verbal communication]. Novoye v zarubezhnoy lingvistike: Lingvisticheskaya pragmatika — New in Foreign Linguistics: Linguistic Pragmatics, XVI, 217–237 [in Russian].

Danilin, P. V. Propaganda i ideologiya. Manipulyatsii. Tipologiya [Propaganda and ideology. Manipulation. Typology]. evartist.narod.ru. Retrieved from http://evartist.narod.ru/text28/0001.htm#z_lek_02. [in Russian].

Danilova, A. A. (2011). Manipulirovaniye slovom v sredstvakh massovoy informatsii [Word manipulation in the media]. Moscow: Dobrosvet, «KDU» [in Russian].

Deyk, T. A. van. (2013). Diskurs i vlast’: Reprezentatsiya dominirovaniya v yazyke i kommunikatsii [Discourse and power: Representation of dominance in language and communication]. Moscow: Knizhnyy dom «LIBROKOM» [in Russian].

Dilts, R. (2014). Fokusy yazyka. Izmeneniye ubezhdeniy s pomoshch’yu NLP [Tricks of language. Changing beliefs with NLP]. Saint Petersburg: PITER [in Russian].

Dyubua, Zh. (1986). Obshchaya ritorika [General rhetoric]. Moscow: Progress [in Russian].

Ivanova, K. V. (2012). Kontseptsii lingvisticheskogo issledovaniya rechevogo vozdeystviya [Concepts of a linguistic study of speech influence]. Filologicheskiye nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki — Philological sciences. Theory and Practice, 5, 88–91.

Karasik, V. I. (2002). Yazykovoy krug: lichnost’, kontsepty, diskurs [Linguistic Circle: Personality, Concepts, Discourse]. Volgograd: Peremena [in Russian].

Karnegi, D. (1992). Kak zavoyevyvat’ druzey i okazyvat’ vliyaniye na lyudey [How to make friends and influence people]. Moscow: Progress [in Russian].

Kopnina, G. A. (2012). Rechevoye manipulirovaniye [Speech manipulation]. Moscow: Flinta [in Russian].

Matveyeva, G. G. (1999). Diagnostirovaniye lichnostnykh svoystv avtora po yego rechevomu povedeniyu [Diagnosing the author’s personality traits by his speech behavior]. Rostov-na-Donu: Izdatel’stvovo Donskogo yuridicheskogo instituta [in Russian].

Nesterenko, Yu.L. Demagogiya. Klassifikatsiya demagogicheskikh priyemov s primerami i sovetami po protivodeystviyu [Demagogy. Classification of demagogic techniques with examples and advice on counteraction]. wikilivres.ru. Retrieved from URL: URL: http://wikilivres.ru/Демагогия_(Нестеренко)

O’Konnor, Dzh., Seymor, Dzh. (1997). Vvedeniye v neyrolingvisticheskoye programmirovaniye: noveyshaya psikhologiya lichnogo masterstva [Introduction to neuro-linguistic programming: the latest psychology of personal mastery]. Chelyabinsk: Versiya [in Russian].

Pankratov, V. N. (2001). Psikhotekhnologiya upravleniya lyud’mi: prakticheskoye rukovodstvo [Psychotechnology of people management: a practical guide]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Institutata Psikhoterapii [in Russian].

Parshin, P. B. Rechevoye vozdeystviye [Speech influence]. krugosvet.ru. Retrieved from URL: http://www.krugosvet.ru/node/38583

Parshin, P. B., Pirogova Yu.K., Baranov A. N. (2000). Reklamnyy tekst: semiotika i lingvistika [Advertising text: semiotics and linguistics]. Moscow: Izdatel’skiy dom Grebennikova [in Russian].

Sedov, K. F. (2011). Diskurs kak suggestiya: Irratsional’noye vozdeystviye v mezhlichnostnom obshchenii [Discourse as suggestion: Irrational impact in interpersonal communication]. Moscow: Labirint [in Russian].

Sedov, K. F. (2016). Obshchaya i antropotsentricheskaya lingvistika [General and anthropocentric linguistics]. Moscow: Izdatel’skiy Dom YASK [in Russian].

Sergeyecheva, V. (2002). Priyemy ubezhdeniya. Strategiya i taktika obshcheniya [Methods of persuasion. Strategy and tactics of communication]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].

Sternin, I. A. (2012). Osnovy rechevogo vozdeystviya [The basics of speech influence]. Voronezh: Istoki [in Russian].

Sternin, I. A. (2001). Vvedeniye v rechevoye vozdeystviye [Introduction to speech influence]. Voronezh: Istoki [in Russian].

Tarasov, Ye.F. (1990). Rechevoye vozdeystviye kak problema rechevogo obshcheniya [Speech influance as a problem of speech communication]. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].

Fedorova, L. L. (1991). Tipologiya rechevogo vozdeystviya i yego mesto v strukture obshcheniya [Typology of speech influance and its place in the structure of communication]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya — Linguistics Issues, 6, 46– 50. [in Russian].

Khazagerov, G. G., Kornilova Ye. Ye. (2012). Ritorika delovogo cheloveka [Rhetoric of a business person]. Moscow: Flinta [in Russian].

Shostrom, E. (2008). Chelovek-manipulyator. Vnutrenneye puteshestviye ot manipulyatsii k aktualizatsii [Man manipulator. The inner journey from manipulation to actualization]. Moscow: Aprel’-Press, Psikhoterapiya [in Russian].

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