Skip to content

Author: admin

pdfAnzhelika Lykhachova

Teacher of the Department of German Philology of Horlivka Institute for Foreign Languages of the State Higher Educational Establishment “Donbas State Pedagogical University”,
Bakhmut, Ukraine
anzhelikalikhachova@gmail.com
ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000–0002–4834–0026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-27

Ключові слова: індоєвропеїстика, генеалогічна класифікація індоєвропейських мов, тохарська А, тохарська В, група centum, темброва кореляція консонантів, архаїчні риси мовної структури.

SUMMARY

The task of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the study of “dead” Tocharian languages in their connection with other Indo-European languages at all levels of the language system in linguistics of the XIX — early XXI centuries.

It is noted that the discovery and study of Tocharian A and Tocharian B, qualified as centum languages, played an important role in improvement of the genealogical classification of Indo-European languages. The study of Tocharian languages are briefly described in the studios of W. Krause, W. Thomas, A. J. van Windekens, D. Q. Adams, V. V. Ivanov, T. V. Gamkrelidze, S. A. Burlak, etc. The connections of Tocharian A and Tocharian B with Celtic, Italiс, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic, Thracian-Phrygian, Hittite, Armenian languages are revealed. There is also traced Tocharian non-Indo-European influence of agglutinative language (W. Krause).

The author of the article gives a brief description of the Tocharian languages at the phonological, lexical, morphological and syntactic levels. The archaic features of the Indo-European dictionary have been preserved in the Tocharian languages.

It is concluded that the place of Tocharian languages among other Indo-European languages has not yet been clearly defined. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of the facts of Tocharian A and Tocharian B for researchers of other groups of Indo-European languages, to review a lot of statements of Indo-European studies.

REFERENCES

Benvenist E`. (1959) Toxarskij i indoevropejskij. [Tocharian and Indo-European]. Toxarskie yazy`ki: sb. statej / pod red. i so vstupitel`noj stat`ej V. V. Ivanova. Moskva: Izd-vo inostr. literatury`. S. 90–108. [in Russian].

Burlak S. A. (2000) Istoricheskaya fonetika toxarskix yazy`kov. [Historical phonetics of the Tocharian languages]. Moskva: Institut vostokovedeniya RAN. 272 s. [in Russian].

Gamkrelidze T. V., Ivanov Vyach. Vs. (1989) Pervy`e indoevropejcy v istorii: predki toxar v drevnej Perednej Azii. [The first Indo-Europeans in history: the ancestors of the Tocharians in ancient Western Asia.]. Vestnik drevnej istorii. № 1. S. 14–39. [in Russian].

Hlushchenko V. A., Roman V. V., Rudenko M. Yu. (2020) Do pytannia pro aktualistychnyi metod yak metod studii iz linhvistychnoi istoriohrafii. [On the question of the actualistic method as a method of studies on linguistic historiography.]. Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Ser.: Filolohiia. № 45. T. 1. S. 90–93. [in Ukrainian].

Ivanov V. V. (1959) Toxarskie yazy`ki i ix znachenie dlya sravnitel`no-istoricheskogo issledovaniya indoevropejskix yazy`kov. [Tocharian languages and their significance for the comparative historical study of Indo-European languages]. Toxarskie yazy`ki: sb. statej / pod red. i so vstupitel`noj stat`ej V. V. Ivanova. Moskva: Izd-vo inostr. literatury`. S. 5–37. [in Russian].

Ivanov Vyach. Vs. (1990) Toxarskie yazy`ki. [Tocharian languages]. Lingvisticheskij e`nciklopedicheskij slovar` / gl. red. V. N. Yarceva. Moskva: Sovetskaya e`nciklopediya. S. 516–517. [in Russian].

Krauze V. (1959) Toxarskij yazy`k. [Tocharian language]. Toxarskie yazy`ki: sb. statej / pod red. i so vstupitel`noj stat`ej V. V. Ivanova. Moskva: Izd-vo inostr. literatury`. S. 39–89. [in Russian].

Mosenkis Yu.L. (2017) Ahneo-kuchanski (psevdo)tokharski movy. [Agneo-Kuchan (pseudo) Tocharian languages]. Entsyklopedychnyi slovnyk klasychnykh mov / za red. L. L. Zvonskoi. 2-e vyd., vypr. i dopov. Kyiv: Kyivskyi universytet. S. 16–17. [in Ukrainian].

Sverchkov L. M. (2012) Toxary`. Drevnie indoevropejcy v Central`noj Azii. [Tocharians. Ancient Indo-Europeans in Centra]. Tashkent: SMI-ASIA, 2012. 240 s. [in Russian].

E`vandzhelisti E`. (1959) Indoevropejskie zubny`e soglasny`e i toxarskie palatalizacii. [Indo-European dental consonants and Tocharian palatalizations]. Toxarskie yazy`ki: sb. statej /pod red. i so vstupitel`noj stat`ej V. V. Ivanova. Moskva: Izd-vo inostr. literatury`. S. 109–118.[in Russian].

Adams D. Q. (1978) On the Development of the Tocharian Verbal System. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 98. Р. 277–288.

Krause W., Thomas W. (1960) Tocharisches Elemantarbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. Bd I. 270 s.

Malzahn М. (2010) The Tocharian Verbal System. Brill. 1036 p.

pdfTetiana Korolova

Doctor of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Translation, Theoretical and Applied Linguistics of the State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: kortami863@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–3441–196X

Rostyslav Sorich

Master Student in Philology, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical
University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: strike12343@gmail.com

Olga Aleksandrova

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages for Humanities, Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University,
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: olgaaleks2016@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/ 0000–0002–1224–5916

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-26

Ключові слова: військовий дискурс, терміни, терміносистема, переклад, перекладацькі трансформації.

SUMMARY

This article considers the concept and essence of the phenomenon of military discourse, reveals its structural features. The author focuses on the peculiarities of the functioning of military terms in the English military discourse, analyzes the general features of the translation of military discourse. The main translation transformations in the translation of military discourse were studied; the specifics of the transformation of English naval and air terminology in the Ukrainian translation were researched. 

After analyzing the terminological units in the sample of 230 cases of translation transformations, we can conclude that the most frequent type of translation transformation of military terminology from English into Ukrainian are the use of lexical translation transformations, in particular, calque (26 cases, or 11.3 %), transliteration (20 cases, or 8.7 %), lexical-semantic substitutions (52 cases, or 22.6 %), concretization of meaning (26 cases, or 11.3 %), generalization of meaning (16 cases, or 7 %), modulation (32 cases, or 13.9 %).

Regarding grammatical transformations in the translation of military texts, the frequency of their use is as follows: grammatical substitutions (6 cases, or 2.6 %), sentence fragmentation (5 cases, or 2.2 %), sentence integration (3 cases, or 1.3 %), permutations (12 cases, or 5.2 %), zero translation (16 cases, or 7 %).

Also, for the translation of military texts were used such translation methods as half-calque (2 cases, or 0.9 %); interpretation (3 cases, or 1.3 %); elimination (4 cases, or 1.7 %); explication (7 cases, or 3 %). As a rule, foreign terms have corresponding equivalents in the language of translation, therefore such receptions, as synonymous substitutions, descriptive translation, are used only in those cases when in the language of translation, the corresponding term is absent.

REFERENCES

Arutyunova N. D. (1990) Diskurs. Lingvisticheskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar / gl. red V. N. Yartseva. [Discourse. Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow: Sov. Entsiklopediya. 136–137. [In Russian]

Batsevich F. S. (2004) Osnovi komunikativnoyi lingvistyky. [Basics of communicative linguistics]. Kyiv: Akademiya, 344. [In Ukrainian]

Bondarenko L. N. (2014) Nekotoryie osobennosti perevoda voennogo diskursa. [Some features of the translation of military discourse] Nauka i sovremennost. № 28. 214–218. [In Russian]

Mahov A. S., Hramchenko D. S. (2017) Funktsionalno-pragmaticheskie osobennosti sovremennogo amerikanskogo voennogo diskursa SMI. [Functional and pragmatic peculiarities of modern American military media discourse] Nauchnyiy almanah. № 3–2. 444–449. [In Russian]

Musurmanova Sh. K. (2018) Osnovyi voennoy terminologii angliyskogo yazyika. [Fundamentals of English military terminology] Dostizhenie nauki i obrazovaniya. T. 2, № 7. 62–63. [In Russian]

Streltsov, A. A. (2012) Nauchno-tehnicheskie tekstyi: ot ponimaniya k perevodu: ucheb. posobie. [Scientific and technical texts: from understanding to translation: training manual]

Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks, 327. [In Russian] Ukrayinsko-anglIyskiy slovnik lingvostichnoyi terminologiyi (2013) / L. V. Kolomiets, O. L. Palamarchuk, G. P. Strelchuk, M. V. Shevchenko. [Ukrainian-English dictionary of linguistic terminology] Kyiv: Osvita Ukrayiny, 455. [In Ukrainian]

Fursina N. A. (2019) Diskurs suchasnogo viyskovogo konfliktu. PolikompleksnI viyni. Ekonomika ta derzhava. [The discourse of modern military conflict. Polycomplex wars. Economy and state] № 4.112–118. [In Ukrainian]

Shkuta O. G. (2017) Vidtvorennya viyskovoyi terminologiyi ukrayinskoyu movoyu (na materiali suchasnih publitsistichnih tekstiv). [Reproduction of military terminology in Ukrainian (on the materials of modern journalistic texts)] Naukoviy visnik kafedri YUNESKO Kyivskogo natsionalnogo lingvistichnogo universitetu. FilologIya, pedagogIka, psihologiya. № 34. 273–277. [In Ukrainian]

Operator’s manual for Army CH-47 helicopter. (2018) Washington: Headquarters, Department of the Army. 714. [In English]

Sinclair J. (1995) Corpus. Concordance. Collocation. Oxford University Press, 179 p. [In English]

pdfAnastasiia Komissaruk

Master Student in Philology, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: komisaruk199@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0002–7146–8490

Valeria Khavrel

Master Student in Philology, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical
University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine

Nataliia Kharchenko

Master Student in Philology, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical
University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
Odesa, Ukraine

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-25

Key words: education, teaching, IT, risk, health, e-book.

SUMMARY

The article is dedicated to the study of the ways of formation and the techniques of translation of the language game in artistic texts. The specific objective is to explore the linguistic units, which the most brightly show the language game, in translating artistic texts, and find the most effective tools translator can use to render them in the target languages (Ukrainian and Russian). The study investigates this issue by examining and analyzing the language game in the text of the English-language Xiaolu Guo’s novel “A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers”. Translation of the language game in artistic texts is a challenge for any translator. The translator should be aware of the historical facts, culture, traditions, social and political life of the native speaker in order to make an adequate translation. The peculiarities of the language may be unknown to the people from other countries so the translator is the one who is responsible for the clarity of the translation. The translator should also adhere to the equivalence of the source language and target language texts and the text itself should make the same impression both on native speaker and on foreign language reader. In this context, the translators’ personality is of great importance, his skills and ability to consider a communicative situation, to keep the original text author’s intention and, the most important, to reproduce the language game. The author concludes that for an adequate translation different techniques of translation should be used while translating play on words. The perspective is seen in investigating play on words on the basis of other languages.

REFERENCES

Aleksandrova E. M. (2011). Tipy yazykovoj igry v raznostrukturnykh yazykakh. [Language game types in the langauges of different structure] Vestnik Volgohradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. 2. Yazykoznaniye. № 2. [in Russian].

Baranov A. H. (2000). Formy yazykovoi igry. [Language game forms] [Elektronnyi resurs]. Rezhym dostupa : http://tverlingua.ru/archive/005/5_1_3.htm. [in Russian].

Hridina T. A. (1996). Yazykovayia ihra: stereotip i tvorchestvo. [Language game. Stereotype and creative work]. Ekaterinburh: Ural. hos. ped. un-t. [in Russian].

Zahnitko A. P. (2006). Suchasni linhvistychni teorii. Donetsk: DNU. [in Ukrainian].

Krutko T. V. (2012). Movna hra yak sposib dosiahnennia prahmatychnoho efektu reklamnoho tekstu. [Language game as a way of achieving pragmatic effect in commercial texts].Linhvistyka XXI stolittia: novi doslidzhennia i perspektyvy. Kyiv: Lohos. [in Ukrainian].

Kukharenko V. A. (2002). Interpretatsyia teksta [Text interpretation]. Uchebnik dlia studentov filologicheskikh spetsialnostei. Odessa: Latstar. [in Russian].

Nukhov S. Zh. (1997). Yazykovaia igra v slovoobrazovaniyi [Language game in wordbuilding]: avtoref. diss. … d-ra filol. nauk. Moskva. [in Russian].

Pishchalnikova V. A. (2002). Yazykovaia igra kak universalnyi kognitivnyi mekhanizm (kprobleme mezhkulturnoy kommunykatsiyi) [Language game as a universal cognitive mechanism (on the issue of cross-cultural communication]. Aktualnyje problemy issledovanyia yazyka: teoryia, metodika, praktika obshchenyia. Kursk. [in Russian].

Baker M. (2006). In other words. London: Routledge. [in English].

Delabastita D. (2005). Verbally expressed humor and translation: an overview of a neglected fields. Humor, special Issue of international Journal of Humor Research. 18 (2). [in English].

Giorgadze M. (2014). Linguistic features of pun, its typology and classification: an article. European Scientific Journal. [in English].

Guo Xiaolu (2007). A Concise Chinese-English dictionary for lovers. London: Chatto & Windus. [in English].

pdfAlexander Iliadi

Doctor of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Methods of Preschool and Primary Education at Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine
e-mail: alexandr.iliadi@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–5078–8316

Irina Snisarenko

Candidate of Philological Sciences, assistant professor of the Department of Germanic Languages and Methods of their Teaching at Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine
e-mail: irynasnis72@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–1045–9291

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-24

Key words: anthroponym, Old English, Proto-Germanic, structure, semantics, prototype, reconstruction.

SUMMARY

The paper deals with the structure and vocabulary of Old English heteroclitic anthroponyms with nuclear component subst. weald, (old Saxon) wald ‘power’, ‘strength, might’, ‘security, patronage’, adj. weald, (old Saxon) waldo ‘powerful, mighty’. Combinatorial semantic peculiarities of w [e]ald- which allow this component to combine selectively with other lexical stems are defined. Observation of the semantics of the words functioning in pre- or post-position to weald-/waldleads to the classification of the studied anthroponymic compound words, and further to the distribution of nouns in accord with the semantic fields within which they were formed («war», «sphere of the sacred», «social system», «ethnical and moral categories», «military benefits of a warrior, and his honour», «names of peoples», «surrounding world, and its condition», «color naming», «abstract notions »).
As soon as there are verbal structural-etymological counterparts of most anthroponymic compound words in archaic onomasticon of other subgroups of the
Germanic group of Indo-European languages, the reconstruction of the remaining in Old English monuments fragment of Proto-Germanic anthroponymycon with *walda- exponent becomes possible.

REFERENCES

Levitskiy V. V. Ètimologicheskiy slovarʼ germanskikh âzykov [An Etymological Dictionary of Germanic Languages]. Chernovtsy : Ruta, 2000. Т. 1. 263 p.

Toporov V. N. (2006). Praslavʼanskaâ kulʼtura v zerkale sobstvennykh imen (èlement *mir-) [Proto-Slavic Culture in the Mirror of Proper Names (component *mir-)].

Toporov V. N. Issledovaniâ po ètimologii i semantike [Research on Etymology and Semantics]. Т. 2, vol. 2. Moscow : Âzyki slavʼanskikh kulʼtur, 11–141 [in Russian].

Toporova T. V. (1996). Kulʼtura v zerkale âzyka: drevnegermanskiê dvuchlennyê imena sobstvennyê [Culture in the Mirror of Language: Old Germanic Compound Proper Names]. Moscow : Shkola «Âzyki russkoy kulʼtury» [in Russian].

Bosworth J. D. D. (1921). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Based on the manuscript collections). Oxford : Clarendon press.

Bright James W. (ed.) (1917). An Anglo-Saxon Reader / [Edited, with notes, a complete glossary, a chapter on versification and an outline of Anglo-Saxon grammar by James W. Bright. Fourth edition]. New York : Henry Holt & Co.

Diplomatarium Anglicum (1865). Diplomatarium Anglicum Ævi Saxonici. A Collection of English Charters, from the Reign of King Æthelberht of Kent, A. D. DC. V. to that of William the Conqueror. 1. Miscellaneous charter. 2. Wills. 3. Guilds. 4. Manumissions and acquittances. London : MacMillan & CO.

Förstemann E. (1856). Altdeutsches Namenbuch. Erster Band: Personennamen. Nordhausen : Verlag von Ferd. Förstemann.

Graff E. G. (1834–1842). Althochdeutscher Sprachschatz oder Wörterbuch der althochdeutschen Sprache / [Etymologisch und grammatisch bearbeitet Dr. E. G. Graff]. Berlin. Th. I–VI.

Holthausen F. (1963). Altenglisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg : Carl Winter ; Universitätsverlag.

Orel V. (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden ; Boston : Brill.

Searle W. G. (1897). Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum. A List of Anglo-Saxon Proper Names from the Time of Beda to that of King John. Cambridge : University Press.

Sweet H. (ed.) (1885). The Oldest English Texts / [Edited with introductions and a glossary by Henry Sweet, M. A.]. London : N. Trübner & Co.

Wyatt Alfred J. (ed.) (1919). An Anglo-Saxon Reader / [Edited with notes and glossary by Alfred J. Wyatt]. Cambridge : University press.

pdfIlonaDerik

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky»
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: ilonaderik@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–8979–4745
Researcher ID AAJ-3411–2020

Daria Hutsal

Master Student in Philology, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical
University named after K. D. Ushinsky» Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: dashasiletskaja@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–5614–2951

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-23

Key words: feminitives, translation, feminization of language, gender, journalism.

SUMMARY

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of feminitives in the translation of modern Ukrainian journalism into English. The urgency of the work is due to the urgent need for a comprehensive study of feminitives in the Ukrainian language and their translation into English. The aim of the research is to analyze the peculiarities of the translation of feminitives in modern Ukrainian publicist literature into English. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that the translation of Ukrainian feminitives should adhere to the linguistic tradition and organization of the lexical and grammatical systems of the language in which the translation is performed. Reproduction of feminitives translated from Ukrainian into English requires the involvement of various transformations: lexical, grammatical, stylistic. The subject of research is feminitives — such groups of feminine words that denote a certain state, status, profession and are mostly formed from masculinitives in a suffixal way. However, each language has its own ways of creating feminitives. First of all, it depends on the grammatical, lexical and morphological systems that exist in a language. For example, in Ukrainian, French and German, the suffix method of creating feminitives is used. In Spanish, the most productive way is to add the ending -a to the masculine noun. However, often the genus is determined by a particular article. In English, gender-colored nouns are gradually being replaced by gender-neutral ones, such as “police officer”, “firefighter”. Alternatively, words with a clear indication of male gender are replaced by words denoting female gender. For example, we replace “landlord” with “landlady” if we are talking about a woman. From this we can conclude that the translator needs to carefully study all levels of organization of the language he translates in order to orientate in what ways of feminization of the language are inherent in them. During the analysis, we found that when reproducing Ukrainian feminitives in English, the most commonly used tactics are the transfer of relevant information and the tactics of pragmatic adaptation of the text, which are implemented through such translation operations as interlanguage and translation matching, omission, addition and approximate translation.

REFERENCES

Alina Khrishchuk. Shcho take feminityvy ta navishcho yikh vzhyvaty? Explainer. 2021. URL: https://explainer.ua/shho-take-feminitivi-ta-navishho-yih-vzhivati// (data zvernennya: 18. 10. 2021).

Arkhanhelʹsʹka O. M. Do problemy slovotvirnoyi feminizatsiyi v ukrayinsʹkiy movi novoyi doby: tradytsiya i suchasnistʹ. Movoznavstvo. 2013. № 6. S. 27–40

Arkhanhelʹsʹka O. M. Feminni innovatsiyi u novitnʹomu ukrayinsʹkomu nazvnytstvi /
O. M. Arkhanhelʹsʹka // Movoznavstvo. 2014. № 3. S. 34–50.

Bilovolʹchenko H. Shcho take feminityvy i yak yikh utvoryuvaty. Sektsiya: elektron. nauk. profesiynyy vyhlyad. 2018. URL: https://section.in.ua/erudition/feminities/ (data zvernennya: 17. 09. 2020)

Havrylova D. Yak «avtorky» ta «ekspertky» zminyuyutʹ movy ta realʹnistʹ. Wonderzine. 2016. URL: https://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/222195-autorka (data zvernennya: 18. 10. 2021).

Hender dlya mediy: [pidruch. iz hendernoyi teoriyi dlya zhurnalistyky ta inshykh sotsiohumanitarnykh spetsialʹnostey] / [Males L., Martsenyuk T., Plakhotnik O. ta in.]; za red. M. Mayerchyk. — K.: Krytyka, 2013. — 219 s.

Hrushin B. A. Dumka pro myr ta svit dumok / B. A. Hrushyn. — M.: Politvydav. —
1967. — S. 64–67.

Dudoladova O. V. Dynamika movnoyi reprezentatsiyi hendera v anhliysʹkomu publitsystychnomu dyskursi (druha polovyna KHKH st. — pochatok KHKHI st.): avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand. filol. nauk: spets. 10.02.04 “Hermansʹki movy” / O. V. Dudoladova. — KH., 2003. — 20 s.

Emirsuinova H. I. Leksykon suchasnoho feminizmu (na materiali anhliysʹkoyi movy): avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand. filol. nauk: spets. 10.02.04 “Hermansʹki movy” /H. I. Emirsuyinova. — K., 2003. — 19 s.

Zdravomyslova, Temkina 2000 — Khrestomatiya feminist·sʹkykh tekstiv. Pereklady/za red. YE. Zdravomyslovoyi, A. Temkina. — SPb. : Dmytro Bulanin, 2000. — 304 s.

Kosmed T. A. Henderna linhvistyka v Ukrayini: istoriya, teoretychni zasady, dyskursyvna praktyka: [kolekt. monohr.]/T. A. Kosmeda, N. A. Karpenka, T. F. Osipova, L. M. Salionovych, O. V. Khaliman. — KH.: KHNPU im. H. S. Skovorodi; Drohobych: Kolo, 2014. — 472 s.

Lyshka YA. Feminityvy v ukrayinsʹkiy movi: zapozycheni neolohizmy, chy tradytsiyni
slovotvirni formy? Amnesty International Ukraine. 2019. URL: http://report2018.tilda.ws/blogs/feminityvy (data zvernennya: 18. 10. 2021).

Martynyuk O. P. Rehulyatyvna funktsiya henderno markovanykh odynytsʹ movy (na materiali suchasnoho anhlomovnoho publitsystychnoho dyskursu): avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya d-ra filol. nauk: spets. 10.02.04 “Hermansʹki movy” / O. P. Martynyuk. — K., 2006. — 40 s.

Maslova YU. P. Hendernyy dyskurs suchasnykh drukovanykh ukrayinomovnykh ZMI: avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand. filol. nauk: spets. 10.02.01 «Ukrayinsʹka mova»/YU. P. Maslova. — Lutsʹk, 2011. — 20 s. 31

Nataliya Trach. Dar’ya Shapovalova: Biznesvumen, shcho stoyitʹ za Mercedes-Benz Fashion Days, maye hlobalʹni ambitsiyi. Kyiv Post. 2016. URL: https://www.kyivpost.com/special/daria-shapovalova-businesswoman-behind-mercedes-benz-fashion-days-global-ambitions. html// (data zvernennya: 09. 11. 2021).

Oksana Torkhan. Putivnyk po fruktovomu likeru ukrayinsʹkoyi torhovoyi marky. Kyiv Post. 2015. URL: https://www.kyivpost.com/article/guide/food-clubs/guide-to-ukrainian-trademark-fruit-liqueur-400453.html// (data zvernennya: 09. 11. 2021).

Pylypyuk S. Marketolohynya, vodiyka ta pidpryyemytsya: shcho take feminityvy ta chomu my yikh vzhyvayemo. Ta do choho tut henderna rivnistʹ i rusyfikatsiya [Elektronnyy resurs] / S. Pylypyuk. Rezhym dostupu: https://www.the-village.com.ua/village/city/talk/285571-marketologinya-vodiyka-tapidpriemnitsya-scho-take-feminitivi-ta-chomu-mi-yih-vzhivaemo

Chorniyevych M. Feminityvy prytamanni ukrayinsʹkiy movi, tse ne yakesʹ nove yavyshche — movoznavytsya. [Elektronnyy resurs]/M. Chorniyevych. Rezhym dostupu: https://gazeta.ua/articles/ istoriya-movi/_feminitivi-pritamanni-ukrayinskij-movi-ce-neyakes- nove-yavische-movoznavicya/843774

Yana Mokhonchuk. Ukrayinsʹka zhinka-dyryhent tvorytʹ istoriyu svitu. Kyiv Post. 2021. URL: https://www.kyivpost.com/lifestyle/ukrainian-female-conductor-makes-historyacross-the-world.html// (data zvernennya: 09. 11. 2021).

pdfHlib Danylov

Master Student in Philology, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky»
Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: gleb_danilov@ukr.net
ORCID ID https //orcid.org/0000–0002–0404–2596

Viktoriia Balakirieva

Master Student in Philology, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical
University named after K. D. Ushinsky»
Odessa, Ukraine

Kateryna Vasylenko

Master Student in Philology, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical
University named after K. D. Ushinsky

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-22

Key words: computer, machine translation, online translator, human, cybernetics, technology, internet.

SUMMARY

The article is devoted to the study of machine translation, machine translation systems and their specificity. The relevance of the work is determined by fast and strong changes of auto-translators and sharply increasing, qualitatively changing needs. The aim of the study is to consider the translation of scientific and technical texts by machine translators without the participation of a professional translator. We use them in business correspondence, for informal communication with friends from other countries, on foreign trips.

While having a number of advantages, they also have many disadvantages. The main problem raised in this article is whether a computer can completely replace a person. Answering this question, we come to the conclusion that such a replacement is impossible at the present stage of technology development. Machine translation is not yet capable of fully translating phraseological units and slang. The computer does not take into account the peculiarities of the context, the specifics of the construction of sentences, irony and humor. Only a person can convey all the nuances of the language, play on words, the author’s style. In some areas, even the most accurate and correct translation of a computer is subject to multiple human checks. This applies to the translation of medical topics, legal documents and texts, where the cost of an error can be very high, up to a human life. The same sad situation develops in the translation of works of art, in which, in addition to meaning, it is necessary to convey emotions, expression, imagery. In addition, the style of the work, culture, era, wordplay, humor should be preserved. Not every professional translator can do this. Even more difficult is the task of a translator working on a poetic form, where it is necessary to preserve both the meaning, and also the rhythm, tact, metaphor.

REFERENCES

Andreyeva A. D. (2013). Obzor system mashinnogo perevoda [Machine translation systems overview] [Elektronnyy resurs] / A. D. Andreyeva, I. L, Men’shikov, A. A. Mokrushin // Molodoyuchenyy. — № 12. — Rezhim dostupa: https://moluch.ru/archive/59/8581/ [in Russian].

Balli S. H. (2001). Frantsuzskaya stilistika [French Style]. 2-ye izd. M. : Editorial URSS.
(392). [in Russian].

Vinogradov V. V. (1972). Russkiy yazyk [Russian language]. M. :Nauka, (639). [in Russian].

Skvortsova, O. V. (2016) Problemy I preimushchestva avtomatizirovannogo I mashinnogo perevodov [Challenges and benefits of automated and machine translation] [Elektronnyy resurs] / O. V. Skvortsova, Ye.V. Tikhonova // Molodoyuchenyy. — № 9. — Rezhim dostupa: https://moluch.ru/archive/113/29477/ [in Russian].

Tomin V. V. (2015). O problemakh mashinnogo perevoda nauchno-tekhnicheskogo teksta v informatsionnom pole kross-kul’turnogovo zaimodeystviya [On the problems of machine translation of scientific and technical text in the information field of cross-cultural interaction] / V. V. Tomin // Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. — № 1 (176). — S. 33–39. [in Russian].

Tsimmerman M. G., Vedeneyeva K. (1991). Russko-angliyskiy nauchno-tekhnicheskiy
slovar’ perevodchika [Russian-English scientific and technical dictionary of the translator]. — M.: Nauka, s.250–251 [in Russian].

Shalyapina Z. M. (1996). Avtomaticheskiy perevod: Evolyutsiyai sovremennyye tendentsii (Voprosyyazykoznaniya [Automatic translation: Evolution and modern trends” (Linguistics questions)] 2, s.105–117. [in Russian].

Shanskiy N. M. (1985). Frazeologiya sovremennogo russkogo yazyka [Phraseology of the modern Russian language]. M.:Vyssh. shkola, 160 s.

Chitalina N. A. (1975). Uchites’ perevodit’ (Leksicheskiye problem perevoda) [Learn to translate (Lexical translation problems)]. M.: Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya, 1975. [in Russian].

Yandeks.Perekladach [Yelektronniy resurs] — Rezhim dostupu do resursu: https://translate.yandex.ua [in Enlish].

Bing Microsoft Translator [Yelektronniy resurs] — Rezhim dostupu do resursu: https://www.bing.com/translator [in Enlish].

Google Perekladach [Yelektronniy resurs] — Rezhim dostupu do resursu: https://translate.google.com/ [in Enlish].

PROMT. One [Yelektronniy resurs] — Rezhim dostupu do resursu: https://www.onlinetranslator.com/translation [in Enlish].

SYSTRAN Translate [Yelektronniy resurs] — Rezhim dostupu do resursu: https://translate.systran.net [in Enlish].

pdfOlena Vovk

Doctor of Linguistics, Professor, Professor of the Department of English Pholology and Teaching English at Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy,
Cherkasy, Ukraine
e-mail: vavovk66@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–6574–1673

Ihor Dobrianskyi

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Separate
Structural Subdivision Flight Academy of the National Aviation University,
Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine
e-mail: kiusz@ukr.net
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/ ORCID 0000–0002–7703–532X

Olena Zymomrya

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Department of International
Communications, State Institution “Uzhhorod National University”
Uzhhorod, Ukraine
e-mail: zimmok@ukr.net
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–7206–0190

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-21

Key words: reading comprehension, reading comprehension competence, reading skills, readingcomprehension models, strategies and techniques, reading activities.

SUMMARY

This study propounds a conceptual framework of advancing reading comprehension competence (RCC) among University students majoring in bilingual pedagogy. The study arises out of a need to introduce learners to reasonable approaches to acquiring reading skills and provide them with a relevant practical guidance. The proposed methodology is multifaceted, since it is aimed at solving multiple tasks: helping students adequately understand and interpret English and American literature, obtaining knowledge of other cultures and patterns of life, feeling confident in an English-speaking environment when exposed to real-life communication, and respectively, acquiring proficiency necessary for future occupation. Specifically, the paper generalizes methods and techniques of improving RCC, presents basicreading comprehension (RC) models and strategies, and suggests a system of appropriate activities.

The elaborated methodology of enhancing RCC is grounded on the underlying principles and model of the communicative and cognitive approach (O. Vovk). This approach is targeted at promoting students basic communication skills and cogitative faculties.

REFERENCES

Афанасьєва О. С. Формування літературознавчої компетентності майбутніх учителів зарубіжної літератури у процесі професійної підготовки : дис. ... канд. пед. наук. Черкаси, 2017. 362 с.

Вовк О. І. Комунікативно-когнітивна компетентність студентів-філологів: нова освітня парадигма. Черкаси, 2013. 500 с.

Вовк О. І. Комунікативно-когнітивна методика навчання англійської мови. Навчально-методичний посібник. Черкаси, 2019. 381 с.

Палієнко А. М. Методика формування іншомовної медіакомпетентності майбут-
ніх журналістів: навчально-методичний посібник. Черкаси, 2015. 202 с.

Adams Marilyn McCord.Beginning To Read: Thinking and Learning about Print. Cambridge, Mass, 1994. 494 p.

Adler C. R. Seven Strategies to Teach Students Text Comprehension. URL: https://www.readingrockets.org/article/seven-strategies-teach-students-text-comprehension

Adler C. R. Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read. National Institute for Literacy. Retrieved Nov. 1. 2007. P. 49–54. URL: https://lincs.ed.gov/publications/pdf/PRFbooklet.pdf

Bocanumenth J. Five Organizational Models. URL: https://www.ursinus.edu/live/
files/1157-five-organizational-modelspdf

Budnyk O., Mazur P., Matsuk L., Berezovska L., & Vovk O. Development of Professional Creativity of Future Teachers (Based on Comparative Research in Ukraine and Poland). Amazonia Investiga. 2021. № 10 (44). P. 9–17. URL: file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/document.pdf https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/1706 DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.44.08.1

Butler-Pascoe M. E. Technology and teaching English language learners. Computer Assisted Language Learning and Teaching. 2003. URL: http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/CALL/unit7.htm

Ellis N. Frequency Effects in Language Processing: A Review with Implications for Theories of Implicit and Explicit Language Acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition Cambridge University Press. 2002. Vol. 24. P. 143–188.

Keiko K. The Role of Reading in Fostering Transcultural Competence. Reading in a Foreign Language.2010. Vol. 22. P. 5–10. URL:

McEwan E. K. 40 Ways to Support Struggling Readers in Content Classrooms. Grades 6–12. URL: http://www.adlit.org/article/19844/

Montgomery C. How to Improve Reading Comprehension: 8 Expert Tips. 2018. URL: https://blog.prepscholar.com/how-to-improve-reading-comprehension

Reading Strategies. URL: http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/studentsuccess/ thinkliteracy/ files/Reading.pdf

Seidenberg M. A Distributed, Developmental Model of Word Recognition and Naming. Psychological Review. 1989. Vol. 96. P. 523–568.

Van den Broek P. Comprehension and memory of narrative texts: Inferences and coherence. M. A. Gernsbacher (Ed.). Handbook of psycholinguistics. 1994. P. 539–588.

Vovk O. A Conceptual Framework ofTeaching English as a Foreign Language. Social Educational Project of Improving Knowledge in Economics. Journal Association 1901 “SEPIKE”. Edition 15. Frankfurt, Deutschland; Poitiers, France; Los Angeles, USA. 2016. P. 39–41.

Vovk O. Acquiring Communicative and Cognitive Competence:a New Conceptual Framework. International Scientific-Practical Conference “Theoretical and Applied Researches in the field of Pedagogy, Psychology and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings”. (December 28–29, 2016). Kielce: Holy Cross University. 2016. P. 45–48.

Vovk O. Foreign Language Acquisition: A Communicative and Cognitive Paradigm. Science and Education: науково-практичний журнал Південноукраїнського Національного педагогічного університету імені К. Д. Ушинського. 2017. Issue 6. P. 81–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2414–4665–2017–6–13 URL:https://scienceandeducation.pdpu.edu.ua/en/articles/2017–6-doc/2017–6-st13-en

Vovk O. Foreign Language Acquisition: A Communicative and Cognitive Dimension. Proceedings of the International Scientific Practical Workshop “EU Cross-Border Cooperation Activities in the Eastern Neighbourhood”. Cherkasy, November, 22. 2019. P. 8–10.

Vovk O. The Methodology of Acquiring Communicative and Cognitive Competence by Students of Linguistic Fields. International Scientific and Practical Conference “World Science”. Proceedings of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference “Science and Education — Our Future (November 29–30, 2016, Ajman, UAE)”. 2016. No.12 (16), Vol. 3. P. 23–26.

pdfEwa Zimny

MA, lecturer, Małopolska Uczelnia Państwowa w Oświęcimiu, Racibórz, Poland

e-mail: ewa-zimny@wp.pl

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-20

Key words: quality, efficiency, teacher, director, professional advancement, child, kindergarten, competence, cooperation, development, effects, school system.

SUMMARY

Quality of education and upbringing has always been the subject of anxieties of parents, teachers, educators and policy-makers. In every age people were not fully satisfied with school structures, programs and teaching content and the effects of education. Education is understood as the process of promoting the development should help children make progress, facilitate entry into adult life.Very large role in the development of a small child is a kindergarten teacher — highclass specialist who nurtures, educates and cares for comprehensive development. The attention to learning outcomes and inspire action for the quality of education and teaching is the main task of pedagogical supervision, written in the Law on the Education System. Inspiring, directing, coordinating and monitoring the activities of teachers who are working to improve educational outcomes — educational, the role of the director of the kindergarten.

References

Denek, K. (1994), Wartości i cele edukacji szkolnej, Poznań — Toruń.

Denek, K. (1998), O nowy kształt edukacji, Toruń.

Dzierzgowska, I. (2000), Rodzice w szkole, Warszawa.

Florek, A. (2010), Dziecko w grupie. Wychowanie przedszkolne w grupie integracyjnej zróżnicowanej wiekowo, Warszawa.

Grzesiak, J. (2010), Kompetentny i odpowiedzialny nauczyciel wobec ewaluacji w działaniu, czyli Action Research, in: Ewaluacja i innowacje w edukacji. Kompetencje i odpowiedzialność nauczyciela, J. Grzesiak (eds.), Kalisz — Konin.

Grzesiak, J. (2015), Projektowanie poprawy jakości badań pedagogicznych versus projektowanie poprawy jakości kształcenia, w : Ewaluacja i innowacje…, J. Grzesiak (eds.), Kalisz-Konin.

Komisja Europejska, Fundacja Rozwoju Systemu Edukacji (2003), Edukacja w Europie, różne systemy kształcenia i szkolenia — wspólne cele do roku 2010, Warszawa.

Kuleczka, P. (2007), Nauczyciel na trudne czasy, in: Ewaluacja i innowacje w edukacji nauczyciela, t.I, Kalisz.

Nowosad, I. (1998), Nauczyciele i rodzice w edukacji przedszkolnej, „Wychowanie w Przedszkolu”, nr 3.

Poniedziałek, E., Walczak, M. (2013), Permanentny proces poszukiwania doskonalszej jakości kształcenia w dziejach edukacji, in: Ewaluacja i innowacje. Projektowanie poprawy jakości kształcenia, J. Grzesiak (red.), Kalisz — Konin.Tadeusiewicz, G. (2007), Edukacja w Europie, Warszawa.

Żuchelkowska, K. (2010), Wypalenie zawodowe u nauczycieli przedszkoli. Jak sobie z nim radzić?, in: Ewaluacja i innowacje..., J. Grzesiak (eds.), Kalisz-Konin.

pdfStanisława Włoch

dr, lecturer, University of Opole, Opole, Poland

e-mail: swloch@uni.opole.pl

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-19

Key words: diagnosis, measurements of effects in education, theory, methodology, reflection of theory in practice.

SUMMARY

The task for modern scholarship is the education by the needs of the contemporary world. Education should be understood as a process supporting the multidimensional development of the human personality.

A special place is taken by the process of education at the period of childhood (pre-school and younger school age). The paper presents theoretical foundations of the child’s development and their application in practice. There are presented factors and stages of work, supporting the pupils’ development, as well as the relation between pupils’ achievements and teachers’ training. The paper is focused also on the National Qualification Frames.

References

Banach, Cz. (1996), Edukacja nauczycielska — stan i perspektywy, Kultura i Edukacja Nr 3.

Bruner, J. S. (1989), Poza dostarczone informacje, Warszawa.

Gnitecki, J. (2000), Pedagogika wobec reform programowych, [w:] Pedagogika wobec przemian i reform oświatowych, red. G. Miłkowska — Olejniczak, K. Uździecki, Zielona Góra.

Grzesiak, J. (2002), Problemy kultury i edukacji szkolnej, [w:] Edukacja i kultura, red.
J. Grzesiak, Kalisz. Klus — Stańska, D. (2007), Behawiorystyczne źródła myślenia o nauczaniu czyli siedem grzechów głównych wczesnej edukacji, [w:] Wczesna edukacja, red. D. Klus — Stańska, E. Szatan, D. Bronk, Gdańsk.

Kozielecki, J. (1995), Koniec wieku nieodpowiedzialności, Warszawa.

Kraśniewski, A. (2009), Proces Boloński, to już 10 lat, Warszawa.

Kwiatkowska, H. (1997), Edukacja nauczycieli, Warszawa.

Misiorna, E. (2001), Wspomaganie dziecka w tworzeniu zintegrowanego obrazu świata, [w:] Nowe stulecie dziecka, D. Waloszek, red., Zielona Góra.

Predy, M. (1997), Kierowanie zmianą utrwaloną (w:) Współczesne tendencje w kierowaniu zmianą edukacyjną, red. D. Ekiert-Grabowska, Radom.

Raport UNESCO Międzynarodowej Komisji do spraw Edukacji.

Tischner, J. (1990), Myślenie według wartości, Kraków.

pdfIrena Smucerowicz

MA, lecturer, Academy of Humanities and Economics in Łódź, Konin, Poland

e-mail: irena.smucerowicz@wp.pl

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-18

Key words: evaluation, quality of correction of education, reflection, subjectivity.

SUMMARY

Author starts reflection in the present article with a specification of some notions. Meaning of evaluation underlines under corner of correction of quality of education and education. It notices, that unity of evaluation and sense of personal value forms qualities in subjectivity in deployment of inquisitiveness, criticism, creations, tolerance and personal cultures. In order to come into being be it indispensable engagement of all subject of process of education can really and education. Person will not be able about unadvanced subjectivity for creative entity in the light of, for proper reconnaissance and with choice of value enclosing chaos, for full participation in life.