Category: Issue’s 2019

Olena Velychenko

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Lecturer at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine

E-mail: lepinapelina@gmail.com

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-5621

Oleksandra Popova 

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Dean of the Foreign Languages Faculty, 

State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine

E-mail: alex-popova@ukr.net

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-5473

Researcher ID https://publons.com/researcher/R-1107-2018/

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-4

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Key words: moral-ethical medical discourse, text, medical ethics, cross-cultural specificities, strategy of communicative-equal translation, tactics, translation operations.

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The article is devoted to studying some cultural peculiarities of rendering English texts on moral-ethical medical discourse into Ukrainian and presented on the material of “Medical Ethics Manual” by The World Medical Association, Inc. The importance, originality and topicality of the research question are based on the need for thorough studying the means of realization, representation, actualization and rendering of cross-cultural relations between specialists and consumers in the field of English and Ukrainian healthcare. The authors of the study emphasize the importance for Ukraine of the experience exchange in order to strengthen the ties with economically developed countries, as well as to improve the level of professional and ethical training of current and future physicians.

The purpose of the article is to study specifics and originality of the Ukrainian translator’s work on finding and using correct translation operations for adequate cross-cultural rendering of English texts on medical ethics, taking into account the appropriate strategy and tactics of translation. 

The studied type of the text combines the features of both medical and moral-ethical discourses, thus causing some difficulties in the adequate translation from English into Ukrainian. The functions of the text, the types of information contained therein, the structural-component, semantic and lexical elements are determined, especially interesting and important in creating an adequate translation, taking into account the cultural specificity of the source text and the target audience in the translation. The emphasis is placed on the expediency of using the strategy of communicative-equal translation by means of some relevant tactics and operations, among which the most appropriate and correct ones were determined.

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References

Galperin, I.R. (2007). Tekst kak obiekt lingvisticheskogo issledovaniia [Text as an Object of Linguistic Research]. Moscow [in Russian].

Matsumoto, D. (2003). Psikhologiia i kultura [Culture and Psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].

Neliubin, L.L. (2003). Tolkovyi perevodovedcheskii slovar [Explanatory Dictionary on Translation Studies]. Moscow: Flinta: Nauka [in Russian]. 

Sdobnikov, V.V. (2015). Kommunikativnaia situatsiia kak osnova vybora strategii perevoda [Communicative Situation as the Basis for Choosing a Translation Strategy]. Doctor’s thesis. Moscow [in Russian]. 

Amigo Extremera, José Jorge. (2015). Fitting CULTURE into translation process research. Translation and Interpreting, 7/1, 26-46. DOI: ti.106201.2015.a05 

Zahnìtko, A., & Myronova, H. (2013). Syntaksys ukraiinskoii movy : teoretyko-prykladnyi aspect [Syntax of the Ukrainian Language: Theoretical and Applied Aspect]. Brno: Masarykova univerzita [in Ukrainian].  

Płońska, Dagmara. (2014). Strategies of Translation. Psychology of Language and Communication. (Vols. 18, No. 1). (pp. 67-74). DOI: 10.2478/plc-2014-0005

Anastasiia Fedorova

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Department of English Philology and Translation, Institute of Philology of Borys Hrinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv, Ukraine

E-mail: anastasiaprosperitylovehealth@gmail.com

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6927-1739

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-19

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Key words: pre-law, language of law, Indo-European languages, evolutionary model of semantics, extension, narrowing, amelioration, pejoration of meaning, metaphor, metonymy.

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The history of legal lexis dates back to the ancient times of ancient peoples. The study of legal language enables the reconstruction of Indo-European ritual-legal ancients at verbal, linguistic levels. Archaic societies had no legal culture, instead, the norms of customary law of ancient societies were referred to as “pre-law”, which included syncretism of law, religion, myth, poetry, and morality. The syncretic ritual and legal consciousness of the ancient peoples in the pre-state period and in the early state formations has its specific reflection in a language that receives such a definition as “the language of law”. The system of “language of law” of Indo-European peoples is partly outlined in today’s scientific survey by describing changes in the semantics of legal lexis in the Indo-European languages, based on the analysis of the distinguished evolutionary models of semantics (EMS) in the Germanic, Slavonic and Iranian languages. The evolutionary model of semantics is a method of inquiry and a procedural scheme for explaining the history of legal meaning. 79 EMS were distinguished during the research, showing the genesis of the meaning 'power', 'lord', 'to rule', 'law', '(religious) law', 'pledge', '(blood) feud', 'court', 'judge'. Using data of the distinguished EMS, that clearly shows the change in the semantic volume of a word, a specific type of change in the meaning of legal lexis in the lexical and semantic system of the Indo-European languages ​​was identified for each EMS, namely, expanding, narrowing (specializing), amelioration or pejoration of the meaning of the word. The study found that quantitatively the semantic derivation of the Indo-European legal terminology most experienced the type of narrowing of the meaning of the word, which, according to the researchers, belongs to the semantic universals. Metaphorical and metonymic changes in the meaning in the legal lexis of the Indo-European languages ​​were also highlighted, that will need further study.

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References

Avakova, O.V. (2006). Formirovanie i funktsionirovanie angliiskoi yuridicheskoi terminologii v protsesse stanovleniia gosudarstva i prava v Anglii [Formation and functioning of English juridical terminology in the process of the formation of state and law in England]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Moscow [in Russian].

Rak, I.V. (Eds.). (1997). Avesta v russkikh perevodakh (1861-1996) [Avesta in Russian translations (1861-1996)]. St. Petersburg : Zhurnal «Neva» – RHGI [in Russian].

Shemshuchenko, Yu.S. (Eds.). (1998).. Vedy: Yurydychna entsyklopediia [Vedas: Juridical encyclopaedia]. leksika.com.ua. Retrieved from http://leksika.com.ua/11921013/ure/vedi [in Ukrainian].

Ginzburg, R.S.,  Khidekel, S. S., Knyazeva, G. Yu., & Sankin, A. A. (1979). Leksikologiia angliiskogo yazyka [Lexicology of the English language]. Moscow: Vyssh. Shkola [in English].

Humovska, І.M. (2000). Anhliiska yurydychna terminolohiia v ekonomichnykh tekstakh: henezys, deryvatsiini ta semantyko-funktsionalni aspekty [English juridical terminology in economical texts: genesis, derivational, semantic and functional aspects]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Lviv [in Ukrainian]. 

Gurevich, A.Ya. (2009). Izbrannye trudy. Norvezhskoe obshchestvo. [Selected works. Norwegian society]. Moscow: Traditsiia [in Russian].

Derdі, E.T. (2003). Slovotvirni ta strukturno-semantychni kharakterystyky anhliyskykh yurydychnykh terminiv [Derivational and structural and semantic characteristics of English juridical terms]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

Ivanov, Viach.Vs., & Toporov, V.N. (1978). O yazyke drevnego slavianskogo prava (k analizu neskolkikh kliuchevykh terminov) [On the language of ancient Slavonic law (to the analysis of several key terms)]. Slavianskoe yazykoznanie – Slavonic Linguistics: Proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress of Slavists. (pp. 221-240). Moscow: Nauka [in Russian]. 

Liashuk, A.M. (2007). Semantychna struktura yurydychnykh terminiv ukrainskoi ta anhliiskoi mov [Semantic structure of the juridical terms of the Ukrainian and English languages]. Candidate’s thesis. Kіrovohrad [in Ukrainian]. 

Tokarev, S.A. (Eds.). (2008). Mify narodov mira. Entsiklopediia [Myths of the world’s nations. Encyclopedia]. Moscow: «Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia». Retrieved from https://www.indostan.ru/biblioteka/knigi/2730/3412_1_o.pdf [in Russian].

Ponomarenko, V.D., & Liakhova, O. V. (2014). Zvuzhennia znachennia yak dynamichnyi protses u leksyko-semantychnii systemi suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy [Specialization of meaning as a dynamic process in the lexical and semantic system of the contemporary Ukrainian language]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Seriya: Filolohiya – Scientific bulletin of Harkiv National University named after V. N. Karazin. Series: Philology, 70 (1107), 92-97 [in Ukrainian].

Fedorova, A.O. (2018). Modeliuvannia semantychnykh protsesiv ta evoliutsiina model semantyky [Modeling of semantic processes and evolutionary model of semantics]. Naukovyi visnyk Pivdennoukrainskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni K. D. Ushynskoho: Linhvistychni nauky – Scientific bulletin of The State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”: Linguistic Sciences, 27, 197-210 [in Ukrainian].

Fedorova, A.O. (2019). Stanovlennia pravovoi terminolohichnoi semantyky v indoievropeiskykh movakh [Formation of the legal terminological semantics in the Indo-European languages]. Candidate’s thesis. Kropyvnytskyi [in Ukrainian].

Ulmann, S. (1970). Semanticheskie universalii [Semantic universals].  (L.N. Iordanskaia, Trans.). Novoe v lingvistike – Novelties in Linguistics, 5, 250-299. B.A. Uspenskiy (Ed.), Moscow [in Russian].

Lindow, J. (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Anna Shapoval

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Lecturer at the Department of Translation and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky», Odesa, Ukraine

E-mail: skarllet77777@gmail.com

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9718-5002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-19

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Key words: linguistic personality, individual lexicon of character, imperative forms, character.

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Learning the character's linguistic personality is impossible without exploring its individual vocabulary. The study was based on the novels Pearl Buck "Imperial woman" and Pavlo Zagrebelniy "Roxolana". The main theoretical aspects of the concept of "character’s individual lexicon" are considered in the article. The terms "individual lexicon", "mental lexicon" and "internal lexicon" are specified. The comparative analysis of the individual lexicon of the real linguistic personality and character’s linguistic personality is carried out. The independent value of the character’s individual lexicon is determined. Analysis of the individual lexicon is performed at the morphological and syntactic level.

For both heroines, concepts such as knowledge, hope, children, freedom, greatness (triumph), painting (singing) are most essential. In other cases, Roxolana's priorities are faith, native land, happiness, salvation. For Tzu Hsi - peace, triumph, debt, people.

 The individual lexicon of the character is characterized by the distinctive characteristics of the linguistic personality (the closeness of the list of lexical units, statical state of the system). The individual lexicons of the characters share common morphological indicators (nouns and verbs predominate). From the point of view of syntax the prevailing use of direct imperative forms in the communicative acts of the characters has been revealed (order, requirement Tzu Hsi - 48%, Roxolana -35%). In the speech of both characters in the analysis of the affirmative form of imperative is dominated by verbs of movement and auditory perception. Direct imperative forms testify to the highest situational and status position of both ladies. Threat sentences are more typical of Tzu Hsi. Indirect imperative forms (request, offer, advice, persuasion, praise, support and consolation) are dominant in Roxolana’s individual lexicon. 

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References

Zahrebelnyi, P.A. (1983). Roksolana: roman [Roksolana: novel]. Kyiv: Dnipro [in Ukrainian]. 

Zalevskaia, A.A. (1978). Voprosy organizatsii leksikona v lingvisticheskikh i psikholingvisticheskikh issledovaniiakh [Issues of lexicon organization in linguistic and psycholinguistic studies]. Kalinin: Kalinin. gos. un-t [in Russian]. 

Zalevskaia, A.A. (1990). Slovo v leksikone cheloveka: psikholingvisticheskoe issledovanie [The word in the human lexicon: psycholinguistic study]. Voronezh [in Russian].

Ilin, E.P. (2013). Psikhologiia obshcheniia i mezhlichnostnykh otnoshenii [Psychology of communication and interpersonal relations]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].

Koroleva, T.M. (1989). Intonatsiia modalnosti v zvuchashchei rechi [Intonation of modality in speech]. Kyiv-Odessa: Vyshcha shkola [in Russian].

Kubriakova, E.S. (1991). Osobennosti rechevoi deiatelnosti i problemy vnutrennego leksikona [Features of speech activity and problems of internal lexicon] Chelovecheskii faktor v yazyke i rechi. Yazyk i porozhdenie rechi –  Human factor in language and speech. Language and speech generation. (pp. 82-140). Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].

Shapoval, A.S. (2015). Lingvokulturolohichna kharakterystyka movnoi osobystosti personazha khudozhnoho tvoru (na materiali romaniv Perl Bak “Imperatrytsia” ta Pavla Zahrebelnoho “Roksolana”) [Lingvocultural features of character’s linguistic personality of the belles-lettres (on material of novel Perl Buck “Imperial woman” and Pavlo Zagrebelniy “Roksolana”]. Candidate’s thesis. Odesa [in Ukrainian].

Buck, Pearl S. (2009). Imperial woman: The story of the Last Empress of China. New York: Moyer bell.

Nataliia Oskina

Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Western and Oriental Languages and Methods of their Teaching at the State Institution "South Ukrainian Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushynsky", Odesa, Ukraine 

E-mail: natalyaoskina1980@gmail.com

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-2600

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-16

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Keywords: stylistic value, the Cockney dialect, strategies and techniques, literary interpretations.

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The presented article is aimed at elaborating the problem of specific stylistic coloring achieved by the employment of the Cockney dialect in English literature in the 19th century. The main objective of the paper consists in investigating the stylistic value of the Cockney rhymed dialect as the powerful expressive means in the English literature of realism as well as the possible ways of its rendering in artistic translation. The results of the carried-out research have proved that there exist common strategies and techniques of both employing Cockney in English literature of the given period and reproducing it in literary interpretations. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that the conclusions may be applied in the educational activity, namely in the course of English stylistics.

The urgency of this paper arises from the need for all-sided review of difficulties of translating belles-lettres works in contemporary translation studies. The object of the work is a Cockney dialect viewed in the aspect of its translatability. The subject is the specific stylistic function of Cockney dialect in B. Shaw's play. The immediate tasks of the article have been predetermined by the above-mentioned objective and include respectively: the disclosure of the specifics of Cockney dialect; the outline of the strategies and tactics of translating Cockney in belles-lettres works. 

The methodology of this research involved the inductive and deductive methods, the method of contrastive analysis and   ethnic methodological conversation analysis. In the course of the research it has been concluded and experimentally and statistically proved that there exist common strategies and tactics of translating Cockney. It has also been postulated that the pragmatic and the expressive potential of Cockney is rendered in translation. 

The perspective is seen in reviewing the peculiarities of rendering Cockney in literary interpretations in various Western and Oriental languages.

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Oleh Tyshchenko

Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Foreign Languages and Translation Studies, Lviv State University of Life Safety, Lviv, Ukraine

Professor at The University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia, 

E-mail: olkotiszczenko@gmail.com

ORCID ID

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-18

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Key words: conscience, envy, conceptual sphere, value-metaphoric component, paremia, axiology, symbolic, primordial thinking, cognitive metaphor, language picture of the world in Slavonic languages.

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The presented research reveals imagery-metaphoric and phraseological objectivities of the conceptual spheres Soul, Consciousness, Envy, Jealousy and Greed in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech and Slovak languages and conceptual picture of the world (first of all in proverbs and sayings, idioms, imagery means of secondary nomination both in standard language and its regional or dialectal variants) according to the indication of holistic characteristic and semantic intersection of these concepts. It describes the spheres of their typological coincidence and differences from the point of imagery motivation. It defines the symbolic functions of these ethno cultural concepts (object sphere) with respect to the specificity of manifestation of Envy in archaic texts, believes, in the language of traditional folk culture and archaic expressions with religious sense that reach Christian ideology, ideas of moral purity and dirt, Body and Soul. It has been defined the collocations with the components envy and jealousy in some thesauri and dictionaries in terms of the specificity of interlingual equivalence and expressions of envy and similar negative emotions and their functioning in the Ukrainian and English text corpora.

The analysis demonstrated that practically in all compared languages and linguistic cultures Envy is associated with greed and jealousy, psychic disorders with a corresponding complex of feelings, expressed by metaphoric predicates of destruction and remorse that encode the moral and legal aspect of conscience (conscience is a judge, witness and executioner). Metaphor of Envy containing nominations of colours differ in the Slavonic and Germanic languages whereas those denoting spatial, gustatory, odour, acoustic and parametrical meaning are similar. Many imagery contexts of Envy correlate with such conceptual oppositions as richness and poverty, light and darkness; success is associated with the frames “foreign is better than domestic” where Envy encodes the meaning of encroachment upon another's property, “envy is better than sympathy”, “envy dominates where there are richness, success, welfare, happiness” which confirms the ideas of representatives in the field of psychoanalysis, cultural anthropology and sociology. In some languages the motives of black magic, evil eye (in Polish, Ukrainian and Russian) are rooted in the sphere of folk believes and invocations, as well as cultural anthroponyms.

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RSFS: Dorotjaková, V., Durčo, P., Milkusová, M., Petrufová, M., & Malíková, M. (1998). O. Rusko-slovenský frazeologický slovník. - Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo. 

SAFS:  Fronek Josef & Mokrán Pavel. (2018). Slonensko-anglický frazeologický slovník. Velký výber slovných spojení.- Bratislava: Nová práca Veda.

Schoeck, H. Envy. A theory of Social behaviour. Liberty Fund Indianapolis. 

Koshkina, V. (Ed.). (2008). Zavist': teoriya sotsial'nogo povedeniya. (YU. Kuznetsova, Trans). Moscow: IRISEN. 

TETM: Wilkinson, P.R. (1993). A thesaurus of traditional English metaphors.  London; New York.

Valentyn Taranets

Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor at the Department of  Translation and Linguistics, International Humanitarian University, Odesa, Ukraine  

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-8523

Nataliia Shkvorchenko 

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of  Translation and Linguistics, International Humanitarian University, Odesa, Ukraine 

E-mail: nikolette@ukr.net 

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7146-7244

Ihor Peresada 

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of German and Oriental Languages, International Humanitarian University, Odesa, Ukraine 

E-mail: igrperesada@gmail.com 

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6170

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-17

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Key words: German-Slavic commonality, Ynglinga saga, the Book of Veles, etymology of ethnos, Swedes, Rus, common root, Mother-SVA (Slavs) and Moder Svea (Swedes).

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The article is dedicated to the problem of the origin of the Swedes tribe against the background of Indo-European ethnogenesis in comparison with the Rus tribe, which were formed on the basis of territorial and pagan proximity to a relatively single ethnic group and a super-language (koine) on the Don. The study is based on the mythological material of the Ynglinga saga and the Book of Veles, lexicographic, toponymic features of the indicated tribes, in which the roots of the ethnic groups stand out. The latter is confirmed in Finnish names regarding the country of Sweden, which the Finns call Ruotsi, Ruossi, Ruohti,  Ruotti, the Votes – Rôtsi, the Estonians – Rôťs, on the other hand, the name of the country Sweden has the ancient forms of Swes, Sues, Swēorice “Kingdom of the Swedes” and modern with the meaning “Sweden”: Icelandic Svíþjóð, Swedish Sverige. The origin of the Slavic and German ethnic groups occurred during the period of cohabitation of these peoples in the Indo-European proto-ethnics on the banks of the Don River, approximately in the second millennium BC. 

These origins include the origin of Indo-European root of kweruki, which the names of the ethnic groups are evolved from: * kweruχi (palatalization)> rusi> rusy “Rus” and * kwеruki ~ * ruti (substitution)> fin. ruotsi “swedes”. The Indo-European root of *kwa in the meaning of “Universe, God” is the origin of Germanic *sve- / swe-, which gave birth to the names of Suionen (Tacitus), Swēorice “Kingdom of the Swedes” and Swerikl, Swealand, Swithiod, as well as Latin Svedia, Svecia, Sveonia with the meaning “Sweden”.

The above is proved by the presence of the common goddess Mother-SVA (Slavs) and Moder Svea (Swedes).

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References

Braun, F. (1899). Razyskaniia v oblasti goto-slavianskikh otnoshenii. І. Goty i ikh sosedi do V veka [Investigations in the Field of Gotho-Slavic Relations. I. Goths and their Neighbors until the 5th Century]. Sankt-Peterburg [in Russian].

Weibull, J. (1997). Kratkaia istoriia Shvetsii [Swedish History in Outline]. Stockholm [in Russian].

 Dzhakson, T.N. (2000). Chetyre norvezhskikh konunga na Rusi : iz istorii russko-norvezhskikh politicheskikh otnoshenii poslednei treti Х – pervoi poloviny ХІ vv. [Four Norwegian Konungs in Rus : from the History of Russian-Norwegian Political Relations of the last third of the 10th – the first half of the 11th centuries]. Moscow: Iazyki russkoi kultury [in Russian].

Illich-Svitych, V.M. (1964). Drevneishie indoevropeisko-semitskie iazykovye kontakty [The Oldest Indo-European-Semitic Language Contacts]. Problemy indoevropeiskogo iazykoznaniia. Etiudy po sravnitelno-istoricheskoi grammatike indoevropeiskikh iazykov – Problems of Indo-European Linguistics. Studies on the Comparative Historical Grammar of Indo-European Languages. (pp. 3-12). Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].

Kramer, S.N. (1965). Istoriia nachinaetsia v Shumere [History Begins at Sumer]. Moscow: Nauka  [in Russian] 

Lozko, H.S. (2015). Velesova knyha – Volkhovnyk [Veles Book – Volkhovnyk]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

Nepokupnyi, A.P., Bykhovets, N.N., & Buniiatova, I.R. et al. (1989). Obshchaia leksika germanskikh i balto-slavianskikh iazykov [Common Vocabulary of Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages]. Kyiv [in Russian].

Potebnia, A.A. (1990). Kharakter mificheskogo myshleniia [The Nature of Mythical Thinking]. Moscow: Vysshaia shkola  [in Russian].

Sannikova, L.P. (2012). Rozmai – Zelen Hai. Hipotezy pro Pervynu [Razmai - Green Grove. Hypotheses about Beginning]. Ivano-Frankivsk: Tipovit [in Ukrainian].

Skliarenko, V.H. (2006). Rus i variahy: istoryko-etymolohichne doslidzhennia [Rus and Varangians: The Historical and Etymological Study]. Kyiv: Dovira [in Ukrainian].

Taranets, V. (2015). Velesova knyha (istoryko-etymolohichne doslidzhennia) [Veles Book (The Historical and Etymological Study)]. Odesa: Vydavnytstvo KP OMD [in Ukrainian].

Taranets, V.H. (1998). Do pytannia sloviano-hermanskoi spilnosti [On the issue of Slavic-German commonality]. Slovianskyi zbirnyk – Slavic collection, (Issue III), (pp. 102-104). Odesa: Vydavnytstvo ODU “Astroprint”  [in Ukrainian].

Taranets, V.H. (2009). Trypilskyi substrat: Pokhodzhennia davnioievropeiskykh mov [Trypillian Substratum: The Origin of Ancient European Languages]. Odesa: ORIDU NADU [in 

Ukrainian].

Taranets, V.H. (2013). Ukraintsi: etnos i mova [Ukrainians: Ethnos and Language]. Odesa: ORIDU NADU [in Ukrainian].

Taranets, V., & Stupak, I. (2017). Afrykanska teoriia pokhodzhennia ariiv [African Theory of Aryan Origin]. Odesa: “Astroprint” [in Ukrainian].

Taranets, V. (2018). Velesova Knyha. Hrafika pysma [Veles Book. Writing Grafics]. (Part 2). Odesa: Vydavnytstvo KP OMD  [in Ukrainian].

Trubachov, O.N. (2005). V poiskakh iedinstva. Vzgliad filologa na problemu istokov Rusi [Searching the Unity: Philologist's View on the Problem of the Origins of Rus]. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian]. 

Shafarik, P.I. (1847). Slavianskie drevnosti [Slavic Antiquities]. (Volume 1), (Book 1). Moscow [in Russian].

Dahlke, H. (2005). Auch Götter sind nur Menschen. P.M. Perspektive, 4, 40-46. München.

Die Edda: Göttersagen, Heldensagen und Spruchweisheiten der Germanen. (1988). (in Übertragung von Karl Simrock). Berlin: Verlag Neues Leben.

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Ibn-Foszlan’s und anderer Araber Berichte über die Russen älterer Zeit. Text und Übersetzung. (1823). St. Petersburg. 

Olaf, Dalins. (1756). Geschichte des Reiches Schweden (aus dem Schwedische Ubersetzt). (Erster Teil). Greifswald. 

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Schleicher, A. (1863). Der wirtschaftliche Culturstand des indogermanischen Urfolkes. Journal of Economics and Statistics. (Vol. 1), (pp. 401-411).

Schuster-Sewz, H. (2000). Zur Etymologie einiger mit *š- anlautender slawischer Wörter. Ein Beitrag zur Genese des urslaw *ch. Das Sorbische im slawischen Kontext. Ausgewählte Studien. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag. 

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Oleksandra Ordanovska

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Innovative Technologies and Methodology of Teaching Natural Sciences State institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine

E-mail: aleksordanovskaya@gmail.com

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-0087

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-15

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Key words: computer translation, scientific and technical literature, online translator.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the quality of computer translation of scientific texts that today is very relevant because of intensive progress and mass using of the Systems of Computer Aid Translation. The research aim was the analysis and comparison of computer translations of English texts on physics and engineering sciences into Ukrainian with using Pereklad.online.ua, Google Translate, PROMT, Pragma. The quality comparison of the texts' computer translations took place according to the parameters taking into account syntactic features, technical adaptation of the text, and correct use of terminological vocabulary. As a result of the research it was found that Google Translate translations which are based on the statistical (phrase-based) method turned out to be better. Google Translate translations took into account the syntactic features of the text and made a little of errors in grammatical forms; the technical adaptation of the text was carried out (the use of correct mathematical records of decimal fractions, signs of mathematical actions, transliteration of units of measurement; equivalent terminological vocabulary was used etc.) unlike another online translators' translations. The following Google Translate translations were improved due to the built-in translation memory system. At the same time the analysis of the Google Translate translation of the text on physics that used terms without unambiguous equivalents in Ukrainian has showed the inability of the online translator to perform the contextual translation. So computer translators can only play a supporting role and be used as the primary translator of standard scientific and technical texts.

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References

Bashmanivskyi, O.L., Usatyi, A.V., Diachenko, N.M., & Khalin, V.V. (2019). Osoblyvosti perekladu anotatsii naukovykh statei za dopomohoiu vilnoposhyriuvanykh prohramnykh produktiv [Peculiarities of translation scientific articles’ annotations with the help of freely redistributable software products]. Informatsiini tekhnolohii i zasoby navchannia – Information technology and training tools, 1 (69), 198-210.  Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ [in Ukrainian].

Biletska, O.O. (2013). Avtomatyzovanyi pereklad u konteksti suchasnoi informatsiinoi kultury [Automated translation in the context of modern information culture]. Visnyk KNUKiM. Mystetstvoznavstvo – Bulletin of KNUKIM. Series in arts, 28, 28-32 [in Ukrainian]. 

Karaban, V.I. (1997). Posibnyk-dovidnyk z perekladu anhliiskoi naukovoi i tekhnichnoi literatury na ukrainsku movu: Hramatychni trudnoshchi [Handbook for translation of English scientific and technical literature into Ukrainian: Grammatical difficulties]. Florence; Hranada; Kyiv: Tempus [in Ukrainian].

Mushnina, O.O. (2006). Hramatychni osoblyvosti ukrainskoho perekladu anhlomovnoi naukovotekhnichnoi ta khudozhnoi prozy [Grammatical Peculiarities of the Ukrainian Translation of English Language Scientific-Technical and Literary Prose]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

Chernovatyi, L.M., Karaban, V.I., & Omelianchuk, O.O. (2006).  Pereklad anhlomovnoi tekhnichnoi literatury [Translation of English-language technical literature]. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha [in Ukrainian].

Kateryna Ohiienko

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Foreign, Latin and Ukrainian Languages, State Institution “Luhansk State Medical University”, Rubizhne, Ukraine

E-mail: k.ogijenko@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4963-3269

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-14

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Key words: quantitativity, quantifier, quantification, qualifier, advertisement, psychological impact, definite quantity, indefinite quantity.

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The article is devoted to comparative investigation of advertisements of one cosmetic company written in different languages, in particular, we analysed quantifiers in English and Ukrainian Avon brochures on the grounds of their polycode nature.

The analysis of recent publications allowed us to notice that the investigations of both advertisements and the category of quantitativity are based on different theoretical and practical principles.

Being guided by already existing classifications of quantifiers in English and Ukrainian by S. O. Shvachko, V. M. Kondratiuk, O. S. Ananieva, we displayed morphological, structural and combinatory possibilities of quantifiers, textual modifications of numeral combinations in English and Ukrainian advertisements. We suggested main models of quantifiers, emphasizing an important role and functions of units which express definite and indefinite quantity.

Morphologically quantifiers are represented not only by numerals, but also by nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, their situational and idiomatic combinations, and even mathematical signs.

The study of structural and combinatory possibilities of quantifiers also showed morphemes-quantifiers, the usage of quantifiers with specifiers, qualifiers and rhematizers, the structures like n-в-1 (n-in-1), where n>1, as well as word-combinations and phrases synonymic to this structure.

All described morphological, structural and combinatory possibilities of quantifiers have a rather significant psychological impact in advertisements, emphasizing the advantages of some cosmetic goods and calling for trust to them. Besides, language means are supplemented by visual, graphic and sometimes sensory (olfactory) ones, which strengthen the influence on the consumer.

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References

Ananieva, O.S. (2012). Verbalizatsiia kvantyfikatora nevyznachenosti “Few” anhliiskoi movy [Verbalization of indefinite quantifier “Few” in English]. Naukovi zapysky. Seriia “Filolohichna” – Scientific notes. Series “Philology” (Issue 24), (pp. 3-6). Ostroh: Vydavnytstvo Natsionalnoho universytetu “Ostrozka akademiia” [in Ukrainian].

Voloshyna, N.V. (2018). Psykholinhvistychni aspekty spryiniattia reklamnoho tekstu [Psycholinguistic aspects of advertising text perception]. Molodyi vchenyi – Young scientist (No. 4 (56)), (pp. 638-641) [in Ukrainian].

Horodetska, I.V. (2015). Anhliiskomovnyi reklamnyi tekst kosmetychnykh zasobiv: struktura, semantyka, prahmatyka [English advertisements of cosmetic articles: structure, semantics, pragmatics]. Candidate's thesis. Chernivtsi [in Ukrainian].

Hrachova, I. (2017). Kvantytavnist yak movna kartyna svitu [Quantitativity as a language picture of the world]. Teoretychna i dydaktychna filolohiia. Seriia “Filolohiia” – Theoretical and didactic philology. Series “Philology” (Issue 25), (pp. 65-73) [in Ukrainian].

Dobrovolska, D.M. (2017). Movni osoblyvosti anhlomovnykh reklamnykh slohaniv ta yikh vidtvorennia ukrainskoiu i rosiiskoiu movamy [Language peculiarities of English advertisement slogans and their rendering in Ukrainian and Russian]. Candidate's thesis. Odesa [in Ukrainian].

Zelinska, O.I. (2017). Osoblyvosti funktsionuvannia chastyn movy v reklamnykh tekstakh [Features of parts of speech functioning in advertising texts]. Derzhava ta rehiony. Seriia: Humanitarni nauky – State and regions. Series: Humanities (No. 3 (50)), (pp. 26-30). [in Ukrainian].

Kondratiuk, V.M. (2011). Leksychni zasoby vyrazhennia oznachenoi/neoznachenoi kilkosti v ukrainskii movi [Lexical means of expression of definite/indefinite quantity in the Ukrainian language]. Naukovyi chasopys Natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni M. P. Drahomanova. Seriia 10 : Problemy hramatyky i leksykolohii ukrainskoi movy – Scientific periodical of M. P. Drahomanov National Pedagogical University. Series 10: The problems of grammar and lexicology of the Ukrainian language (Issue 8), (pp. 42-46). Kyiv: Vyd-vo NPU imeni M. P. Drahomanova [in Ukrainian].

Reva, N. (2013). Status chyslivnyka v zhurnalnii reklami kosmetyky [The status of numeral in cosmetics magazine advertising]. Naukovyi visnyk Skhidnoievropeiskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrainky – Scientific bulletin of Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University (Issue 20), (pp. 235-238). [in Ukrainian].

Semeniuk, T.P. (2017). Kohnityvno-semantychni ta prahmatychni osoblyvosti nimetskomovnykh polikodovykh tekstiv (na materiali komertsiinoi reklamy) [Cognitive and semantic and pragmatic peculiarities of German polycode texts (based on materials of commercial advertisements)]. Extended abstract of candidate's thesis. Zaporizhzhia [in Ukrainian].

Shvachko, S.A. (1981). Yazykovye sredstva vyrazheniia kolichestva v sovremennykh angliiskom, russkom i ukrainskom yazykakh [Linguistic means of quantity expression in modern English, Russian and Ukrainian languages]. Kiev: Vyshcha shkola [in Russian].

Shvachko, S.O. (2008). Kvantytatyvni odynytsi anhliiskoi movy: perekladatski aspekty [Quantitative units of the English language: the aspects of translation]. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha [in Ukrainian].

Avon. (2019a), 11. avon.org.ua. Retrieved from: https://avon.org.ua/future-catalog#2 [in Ukrainian].

Avon. (2019b), 11. avon.org.ua. Retrieved from: https://www.avon.uk.com/brochure [in Ukrainian].

Bovée, C.L., & Arens, W.F. (4th ed.). (1992). Contemporary advertising. Homewood, IL: Irwin.

Brendel, C.I. (2019). An Investigation of Numeral Quantifiers in English. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics, 4 (1):104, 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.391.

Goddard, A. (2002). The Language of Advertising. London: Routledge.

Nadiia Vasylieva

Assistant Lecturer at the Department of Foreign Philology, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine

E-mail: nadezhdavasylieva@gmail.com

ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-3334

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-2

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Key words: scent, gender comparison, olfactory, sensorial experience, epithet, simile, metaphor.

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The article is dedicated to an actual linguistic problem: peculiarities of gender comparison of the olfactory information interpretation based on the material of French belles-lettres prose of the late XIX – the first half of XX century. The investigation aim is to analyze gender interpretations of scents by male and female authors, depicting nature phenomena, through paysage contexts, found out in French fiction. In order to achieve the aim, a complex of analytical methods has been used: contrastive, contextual, structural, descriptional, lexical, and stylistic as well as quantitative. 27 male and 7 female text fragments have been analyzed, referring to the olfactory information of objects/phenomena of nature. The most widespread methods of scents nomination are immediate description of smell source and application of stylistic devices (epithets, similes, metaphors, synectic metaphors etc.). 

It has been identified that male olfactory images are more vivid, comparing with female ones. French authoresses almost avoid scents descriptions, naming them accidentally. Therefore, their interpretations are rather sketchy. The research results disprove the accepted stereotypes on social roles of men and women, in which male behavior is associated with reason and rationality, whereas female – with emotionality and certain expressivity in actions and words. The stylistic analysis of the sorted out lexis revealed a completely opposite tendency, where an author is more expressive in scents interpretations. 

Thus, belles-lettres texts contain valuable empirical material, accumulating peculiarities of writers’ perception processes, nuances of the worldview and gender characteristics of language/speech (similarities and differences) of men and women.

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References

Vainshtein, O.B. (2003). Grammatika aromatov [The Grammar of Aromas]. Aromaty i zapakhi v kulture – Aromas and Scents in Culture, 1, 437-463 [in Russian].

Zykhovskaia, N.L. (2015). Dykhanie teksta: problema verbalizatsii zapakha v yazyke russkoi prozy [The Text Breath: The Problem of Verbalization of Scent in Russian Language Prose]. Mir russkogo slova − The World of Russian Word, 4, 73-79 [in Russian].

Mamtseva, V.V. (2015). K voprosu verbalizatsii kontsepta “ZAPAKH” v khudozhestvennoi literature [To the Question of Verbalization of the Concept “SMELL” in Belles-Lettres]. Vestnik ChGPU im. I. Ya. Yakovleva. Filologicheskie nauki – I. Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2 (86), 101-106 [in Russian].

Mymchenko, N.O. (2014a). Henderna verbalizatsiia koloriv pry zobrazhenni faktoriv pryrody [Gender Verbalization of Colours Depicting Nature Phenomena]. Naukovi zapysky. Seriia filolohichni nauky (movoznavstvo) – The Scientific Bulletin. Philological Studies (Linguistics), 128, 164-169 [in Ukrainian].

Mymchenko, N.O. (2014b). Akustychni obrazy pryrody u hendernomu aspekti [Acoustic Images of Nature in the Gender Aspect]. Novitnia filolohiia – The New Philology Bulletin, 48, 145-160 [in Ukrainian]. 

Rindisbakher, H.D. (2010). Ot zapakha k slovu: modelirovanie znachenii v romane Patrika Ziuskinda “Parfiumer” [From Scent to Word: Modelling of Meanings in P. Süskind’s “Perfume”]. Aromaty i zapakhi v kulture – Aromas and Scents in Culture, 2, 579-607 [in Russian]. 

Rindisbakher, H.D. (2000). Ot zapakha k slovu [From Scent to Word]. Nov. Lit. Obozrenie – New Lit. Review, 43, 88-100 [in Russian].