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pdfNataliіa G. Ivanova
PhD in Philology, Associate Professor
at the Department of Foreign Languages for Specific Purposes
I. I. Mechnykov Odessa National University,
Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: nat-iva@ukr.net
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9614-9587

Nataliia Koval
PhD in Philology, Associate Professor
Head of Foreign Languages Department
Ukrainian-German Institute
Odessa Polytechnic National University,
Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: koval0605@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-8503

Iryna Marchuk
PhD in Pedagogy, Associate Professor at Foreign Languages Department
National University “Odessa Law Academy”,
Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: imarchuk6@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-8664

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.12

SUMMARY

The article presents a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the terms EDUTUBER / EDUTUBING, which reflect profound changes in educational communication and the emergence of new forms of pedagogical interaction in the context of digital transformation. The relevance of the study is due to the need for terminological normalization of these concepts in Ukrainian academic discourse, despite their active functioning in the global educational space. For this purpose, for the first time, the results of the research published in English, French and Spanish are introduced into Ukrainian academic space, which creates the basis for the integration of domestic science into the international context of digital pedagogy.
The authors highlighted the key characteristics of EDUTUBERS activities, in particular pedagogical effectiveness, communicative strategy, interactivity, and flexibility of content. The authors also determined some parameters of professionalization of the above- mentioned key characteristics as a new group of participants in educational process, combining teaching, digital and media competencies. The mentioned terms are studied as telescopic lexical neologisms of English origin, which actively function in digital educational discourse.
The morphological structure, semantic components and variability of graphic forms of terms (e.g., English edutuber, EduTuber, eduTuber, EDUTuber) are analyzed in three European languages (English, Spanish and French), which indicates an active stage of their formation. The authors substantiated the use of telescoping as a method of word formation and revealed the influence of sociolinguistic factors on the preservation of the English form in a foreign language environment.
Particular attention is paid to the functioning of terms as hashtags in YouTube space. The emphasis is on the frequency of the use of these terms in YouTube digital space, where the singular form EDUTUBER prevails, which indicates a tendency to personify educational activity. In the Ukrainian academic space, these terms remain unregulated, therefore, authors proposed several translation solutions adapted to the contexts of formal and informal education. The research has applied significance for digital pedagogy, lexicology, translation studies; its results will be useful in terminographic ordering of the newest lexical units.

Key words: EduTuber, EduTubing, digital pedagogy, content personification, neologisms, telescopy, Ukrainian scientific discourse, terminological standardization.

REFERENCES

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pdf
Svitlana Fedorenko
Doctor of Science in Pedagogy, Professor, Professor of the Philology
and Translation Department
Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design,
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: s.fedorenko297@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-9975

Volodymyr Doroshenko
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Doctor of Science in Public Administration,
Associate Professor of the Philology and Translation Department,
Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: doroshenko.vs@knutd.edu.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-3241

Svitlana Honcharenko
Senior Lecturer of the Philology and Translation Department
Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design,
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: honcharenko.sm@knutd.edu.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-4658

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.11

SUMMARY

The article focuses on the results of the translation analysis of English-language lexical units of the military sphere, selected by the method of continuous sampling from different types of texts, and the study of the pragmatic aspect of their translation into Ukrainian. It is emphasized that the problem of the functioning military vocabulary in texts of various genres is becoming increasingly relevant with the growing role of functional and anthropocentric approaches to the study of linguistic phenomena. It is stated that research on military vocabulary is increasingly characterized by interdisciplinary (linguocultural, sociolinguistic, semiotic directions, etc.), which is associated with the modern trend towards the interaction of different fields of knowledge and the search for new ways of deeper understanding linguistic phenomena. Military vocabulary is viewed as a specific layer of lexical units that serve a special branch of human activity – military affairs, covering military-applied terminology and emotionally colored lexical units. It is characterized by clarity, brevity and functions to serve the sphere of military activity, being actualized in intraprofessional genres (military journalism, military-scientific communication, military-didactic communication and documents of a regulatory nature) and performing a nominative, informative, representative, manipulative and emotionally-expressive function. The study showed that the reproduction of English-language military vocabulary in Ukrainian is a complex multi-level process, which involves not only the formal recoding of lexical units, but also taking into account their pragmatic potential. It is outlined that the pragmatic aspect of the translation of the studied vocabulary consists in ensuring adequate perception, accuracy of content transfer, compliance with communicative intentions and functional features of the text. The choice of translation strategy is determined by such pragmatic factors as: the context of use of the lexical unit, the genre of the text, the level of specialized knowledge of the recipient and the communicative goal.

Key words: military vocabulary, specialized language of the military branch, morphological method of word formation, syntactic method of word formation, military translation, translation transformations, pragmatic aspect of translation.

REFERENCES

Bailo Yu. V. (2013). Osoblyvosti ponyattya “viyskovyy termin” (semantychnyy aspekt) [Peculiarities of the concept of “military term” (semantic aspect)]. Scientific notes of the Nizhyn State University named after Nikolai Gogol. Series “Philological Sciences”, 3, pp. 62–65 [in Ukrainian].
Balabin V. V. (2018). Vyznachennya ponyattya “viyskovyy pereklad” [Definition of the concept of “military translation”]. Philological Treatises, 10(3), pp. 7–14 [in Ukrainian].
Fedorenko S. V., Bernadina A. V. (2021). Zahalna kharakterystyka fakhovoyi movy viyskovoyi sfery (na materiali anhliyskoyi movy) [General characteristics of the professional language of the military sphere (based on English language material)]. Nova philologia, 83, pp. 257–363 [in Ukrainian].
Fedorenko S., Sheremeta K. (2021). Studiyuvannya fakhovoyi movy v linhvodydaktychnomu ta vlasne linhvistychnomu aspektakh [Studying professional language in linguodidactic and linguistic aspects]. Scientific notes of the National University “Ostroh Academy”. Series “Philology”, 11(79), pp. 42–45 [in Ukrainian].
Fedorenko S., Tsepkalo O., Maltseva I. (2021). Pereklad anhlomovnoyi stylistychno markovanoyi leksyky viyskovoyi haluzi [Translation of English- language stylistically marked vocabulary of the military branch]. Transcarpathian Philological Studies, 19, pp. 131–135 [in Ukrainian].
Kocherhan I. P. (2006). Zahalne movoznavstvo [General Linguistics]. Kyiv : Publishing Center “Academy” [in Ukrainian].
Kovtun O. V. (2014). Vidtvorennya anhlomovnoyi viyskovoyi leksyky ukrayinskoyu movoyu (na materiali dokumentiv NATO) [Reproduction of English-language military vocabulary in Ukrainian (based on NATO documents)]. Bulletin of the Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series “Philology”, 17(2), pp. 77–85 [in Ukrainian].

pdfTetiana V. Hromko
Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor,
Professor at the Department of English Philology and Translation
Ukrainian-German Educational and Scientific Institute,
National University “Odessa Polytechnic”,
Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: hromkot@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-4302 Scopus ID: 59660485900

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.10

SUMMARY

The article analyzes the linguostylistic aspects of translating Leonard Cohen’s song “Hallelujah” as a polyfunctional linguistic construct that integrates poetic structure, musical rhythm, and cultural-semiotic codes. The aim is to identify the mechanisms that ensure emotional, prosodic, and semantic equivalence in cross- linguistic adaptation. Theoretically, the study draws on the typology of song translation (source- / transfer- / target-oriented approaches) and on the principles of intertextual, semiotic, and pragmatic analysis. Empirically, it outlines key zones of translational decision- making: rendering rhythm-melody patterns and refrains; transmitting biblical allusions and the symbolic opposition “sacred or profane”; balancing literal precision and emotional compensation; controlled compression and syntactic restructuring required for singability. It is demonstrated that successful adaptation depends on preserving rhythmic intention, intonational contour, and cognitive-affective impact, while lexical equivalence becomes functional rather than strictly denotative. The study substantiates the role of prosody as a trigger of suggestive force and as a carrier of emotional modality that shapes the listener’s receptive scenarios. It is shown that the variability of Cohen’s authorial strophe corpus generates open textual architectonics within which translation emerges as co-creation and cultural mediation. The scientific novelty lies in harmonizing rhythmic correspondence with pragmatic and symbolic equivalence; the practical significance is in formulating translation-quality criteria for song discourse (rhythmic coherence, emotional authenticity, intertextual transparency). The findings deepen the understanding of song translation as a cognitive-aesthetic process in which verbal and acoustic codes integrate into an unified mechanism of intercultural communication.

Key words: song translation, linguostylistic adaptation, rhythm- melody structure, biblical allusions, emotional equivalence, Leonard Cohen, “Hallelujah”.

REFERENCES

Almond M. (2017). C’est un froid hallelujah brisй. In: French Adaptations of Leonard Cohen Songs. Paris: Gallimard, pp. 52–54 [in French].
Bazym B. (2022). Aliluia (Hallelujah by Leonard Cohen) / Ukrainian lyrics by B. Bazym. YouTube video. Available at: https://youtu.be/HaQl4C888Wg (Accessed: 01 November 2025) [in Ukrainian].
Bible (1992). The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments / [transl. by I. Ohienko]. Lviv : Ukrainian Bible Society [in Ukrainian].
Cohen, L. (1984). Hallelujah. Various Positions [music album]. New York : Columbia Records.
Franzon P. (2008). Choices in song translation: Singability in translating for the stage. The Translator, 14(2), pp. 373–399.
Hallelujah (2022). Leonard Cohen, A Journey, A Song [Documentary Film] / Directed by Dan Geller, Dayna Goldfine. New York : Icarus Films. Available at: https://www.hallelujahfilm.com/ (Accessed: 07 November 2025).
Нromko T. V, Mitina O. M. (2024). Lingvistychni uroky spryynyattia ta toleruvannia movnykh variatsii (za pisennoiu H. ta D. Hershvyniv Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off) [Linguistic Lessons in Perception and Tolerance of Language Variations (To the Song of Irving and George Gershwin «Let’s Call the Whole Thing off»)]. Naukovyi visnyk Pivdennoukrayinskogo natsionalnogo pedagogichnogo universytetu imeni K. D. Ushynskogo: Lingvistychni nauky [Scientific Research Issues of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences], 39, pp. 90–109 [in Ukrainian].
Kaindl K. (2005). Multimodality in the translation of songs. Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice, 13(2), pp. 99–106.
Kaindl K. (2020). Translating songs: Linguistic, musical, and cultural dimensions. The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Culture [Eds S. Bassnett, D. Johnston]. London : Routledge, pp. 396–410.
Lefevere A. (1992). Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context. New York : Modern Language Association.
Light A. (2013). The Holy or the Broken: Leonard Cohen, Jeff Buckley and the Unlikely Ascent of “Hallelujah”. New York : Atria Books.
Low P. (2005). Translating songs: Lyrics and texts. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 13(4), pp. 233–247.
Low P. (2017). Translating Song: Lyrics and Texts. London : Routledge.
Song Translation Studies: Lyrics in Contexts (2021). A. K. Greenall, J. Franzon, S. Kvam, A. Parianou (Eds.). Berlin : Peter Lang.
Tymchuk V. (2015). Alliliuia (Ukrainian translation of Leonard Cohen’s “Hallelujah”). LyricsTranslate. Available at: https://lyricstranslate.com/uk/ hallelujah-алилуя.html (Accessed: 01 November 2025). [in Ukrainian]
Trust, G. (2025). Leonard Cohen’s ‘Hallelujah’ hits Hot 100 for first time. Billboard. Available at: https://www.billboard.com/pro/leonard-cohen-hallelujah- hot-100-first-time/ (Accessed: 07 November 2025). [in English]
Wilder L. (2016). Alleluja w smutku i w śnie. Polskie tłumaczenia piosenek Leonarda Cohena. Warszawa : MUZA, pp. 45–47 [in Polish].
Zuel B. (2022). Leonard Cohen: Hallelujah and the agony of creation. Sydney Morning Herald, 10 September. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/culture/ music/leonard-cohen-hallelujah-and-the-agony-of-creation-20220908-p5bfz4. html (Accessed: 01 November 2025).

pdfVolodymyr A. Glushchenko
Doctor of Science (Linguistics), Professor at the Department
of Germanic and Slavonic Linguistics
Donbas State Pedagogical University,
Sloviansk – Dnipro, Ukraine
e-mail: sdpunauka@ukr.net
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-4966

Viktoriia V. Roman
Candidate of Science (Linguistics), Associate Professor at the Department
of Germanic and Slavonic Linguistics
Donbas State Pedagogical University
Sloviansk – Dnipro, Ukraine
e-mail: roman.victoriya2016@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-1062

Marуnа Yu. Rudenko
Candidate of Science (Linguistics), Associate Professor at the Department
of Linguistics and European Languages
Horlivka Institute of Foreign Languages
Donbas State Pedagogical University,
Horlivka – Dnipro, Ukraine
e-mail: marinarudenko2016@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0002–6587–3860

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.9

SUMMARY

The authors of the article reveal the content of the comparative- historical method as a means of understanding linguistic history. By means of the comparative-historical method, comparativists uncover the laws that governed the development of related languages in the past, trace the evolution of these languages on the basis of their common origin from the proto-language (the basic language). This proto-language is reconstructed and hypothetically restored by scholars.
The structure of the comparative-historical method is characterized in the context of a broad interpretation of the linguistic method as a heterogeneous unit. Within the structure of the linguistic method three heterogeneous components are distinguished: ontological, teleological, and operational. The authors characterize such means within the ontological component as principle and approach. The teleological component of the linguistic method includes the aim of the research. The operational component consists of certain techniques and procedures.
Within the ontological component of the comparative- historical method are included the principles of historicism, causality, and systemicity as concretizations and manifestations of the principle of general connection of the phenomena, as well as historical, causal, and systemic approaches. Within the teleological component, the purpose of the research is interpreted in factual and methodological aspects. First, this is the reproduction of models of proto-linguistic states of families and groups of related languages, their further development and division into independent languages, as well as the creation of comparative-historical descriptions (grammars and dictionaries) of related languages. Second, the purpose of comparative-historical research may be presented as the disclosure of historical, causal, and systemic connections of linguistic facts, that is, as the realization of the principle of general connection of the phenomena on specific historical-linguistic material.
Considering the genesis and evolution of the comparative- historical method, the authors distinguish three stages of its history. Regarding the first stage (1820s–1860s), it is appropriate to speak of the emergence and formation of the comparative-historical method. The content of the second (classical) stage (the 1870s – the 1910s) is the development of the comparative-historical method and the systematization of comparative-historical material. The third stage (the 1920s – the 2020s) is characterized by the study of new languages, the incorporation of newly discovered ancient manuscripts (and, with the advent of printing, printed works), as well as the application of new research methods that complement the comparative-historical method.
The authors emphasize that during the 19th century and the early 20th century, the comparative-historical method was the leading method in linguistics. It remains relevant today.

Key words: comparative-historical method, comparative-historical linguistics (comparativistics), content, structure, genesis, evolution, ontological, operational and teleological components, ontological, operational and teleological components, genesis, evolution, stages.

REFERENCES

Akhmanova O. S. (1966). Slovarʼ lingvisticheskikh terminov [Dictionary of Linguistic Terms]. Moscow : Sovetskaya entsiklopediya.
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Glushchenko V. A. (1998). Pryntsypy porivnialno-istorychnoho doslidzhennia v ukrainsʼkomu i rosiisʼkomu movoznavstvi (70-i rr. ХІХ st. – 20-i rr. ХХ st.) [Principles of Comparative-Historical Research in Ukrainian and Russian Linguistics (1870s – 1920s)]. Donetsk [in Ukrainian].
Glushchenko V. A. (2010). Linhvistychnyi metod i yoho struktura [The Linguistic Method and its Structure]. Movoznavstvo [Linguistics], № 6, P. 32–44 [in Ukrainian]
Glushchenko V. A. (2017). Porivnialno-istorychnyi metod v ukrainskomu ta rosiiskomu movoznavstvi ХІХ st. – 30-kh rr. ХХ st. [The comparative-historical Method in Ukrainian and Russian Linguistics of the 19th Century – 30s of the 20th Century]: monograph. Sloviansk : Vyd-vo B. I. Matorina [in Ukrainian].
Glushchenko V. A., Roman V. V., Rudenko M. Yu. (2020). Do pytannia pro aktualistychnyi metod yak metod studii iz linhvistychnoi istoriohrafii [On the Actualistic Method as a Method of Studies in Linguistic Historiography]. Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Filolohiia [International Humanitarian University Herald. Philology], № 45, Vol. 1, P. 90–93 [in Ukrainian].
Glushchenko V. A. (2023). Pryntsypy y pidkhody u strukturi porivnialno- istorychnoho metodu [Principles and Approaches in the Structure of the Comparative-Historical Method]. Naukovyi visnyk Pivdennoukrainskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu im. K. D. Ushynskoho. Linhvistychni nauky: zbirnyk naukovykh prats [Scientific Research Issues of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University Named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences] / [ed. A. I. Iliadi], № 36, P. 70–82 [in Ukrainian].
Glushchenko V. A. (2024). The Principle of Historicism and the Origins of the Comparative-Historical Method. Naukovyi visnyk Pivdennoukrainskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu im. K. D. Ushynskoho. Linhvistychni nauky: zbirnyk naukovykh prats [Scientific Research Issues of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University Named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences] / [ed. A. I. Iliadi], № 39, P. 18–34 [in English].
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Melnychuk O. S. (ed.). (1982–2012). Etymologichnyi slovnyk ukrayinskoii movy [An Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language]. T. 1–6. Kyiv : Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
Neroznak V. P. (1990). Sravnitelno-istoricheskii metod [Comparative- Historical Method]. Lingvisticheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ [Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary] / [editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva]. Moscow : Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, P. 485–486.
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Tetyana Garbuza
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor,
Head of the Department of Modern European Languages
State University of Trade and Economics,
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: tanya.garbuza@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-5156

Olena Ohrimenko
Candidate of Philological Sciences,
Associate Professor, Department of Modern European Languages
Kyiv State University of Trade and Economics,
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: o.okhrimenko@knute.edu.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-8777

Yulia Radchenko
Senior Lecturer, Department of Modern European Languages
State University of Trade and Economics,
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: y.radchenko@knute.edu.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-4360

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.8

SUMMARY

Tax texts, as an integral part of legal discourse, are an important tool for the implementation of the state fiscal policy. They are created in accordance with the norms of the legislative style, the main features of which are accuracy, unambiguity, formality and logical consistency. Tax law performs its regulatory function through the text, as it is the text that is the means of transmitting binding rules and regulations.
Tax documents in English and German are highly terminologically dense. The use of highly specialized concepts, legal and financial terms is inevitable, as they form the semantic core of the text. Terms such as tax liability or Steuervergünstigung often do not have full equivalents in Ukrainian, which makes it difficult to interpret them adequately. That is why it is important not only to know the terms, but also to understand the legal and cultural realities of the source languages.
Linguistically, tax texts are distinguished by neutral vocabulary, direct meaning of words, and the absence of emotionally colored expressions. The use of metaphors, hyperbole, and rhetorical devices is avoided. Impersonal constructions, infinitive and participial phrases, and complex sentences with logical subordination prevail. Such syntactic features ensure clarity of presentation and minimize the risk of ambiguous interpretation.
In addition, tax texts are characterized by a standardized structure, widespread use of clichés, formulas such as according to the provisions of the Act or gemдЯ § 34 EStG. The absence of emotionality, balanced tone, and formalized language ensure that the information is presented impartially and in compliance with legal norms.
Thus, the linguistic and stylistic features of tax texts in English and German are due to the need for accurate, logical and understandable formulation of legislative provisions governing tax legal relations within the respective legal systems.

Key words: tax texts, linguistic, term, term system, formalization.

REFERENCES

Dudnik T. (2013). Anhlomovni zapozychennia v ukrainskii finansovo- ekonomichnii terminolohii ta osoblyvosti yikh perekladu [English-language borrowings in Ukrainian financial and economic terminology and peculiarities of their translation]. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho universytetu [Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University], №20, pp. 245–248 [in Ukrainian].
Karaban V. I. (2004). Pereklad anhliiskoi naukovoi i tekhnichnoi literatury: hramatychni trudnoshchi, leksychni, terminolohichni ta zhanrovo-stylistychni problemy [Translation of English scientific and technical literature: grammatical difficulties, lexical, terminological and genre-stylistic problems]. Vinnytsia : Nova knyha [in Ukrainian].
Lemish N. Ye. (2017). Korpusna metarozmitka spetsialnykh tekstiv z linhvoantropohenezu [Corpus meta-markup of special texts on linguistic anthropogenesis]. Naukovyi chasopys natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni M. P. Drahomanova. Seriia 9: Suchasni tendentsii rozvytku mov [Scientific Journal of the National Pedagogical University Named After M. P. Dragomanov. Series 9: Modern Trends in Language Development], 15, pp. 139–152 [in Ukrainian].
Melnyk A. A. (2015). Pravova linhvistyka: osnovni rysy ta osoblyvosti [Legal linguistics: main features and peculiarities]. Administratyvne pravo i protses [Administrative law and process], 1 (11), pp. 365–373 [in Ukrainian].
Muraviova O. M., Kravtsova T. A., Obozna O. V. (2013). Osoblyvosti perekladu finansovo-ekonomichnykh terminiv inshomovnoho pokhodzhennia [Features of translation of financial and economic terms of foreign origin]. Ekonomichna stratehiia i perspektyvy rozvytku sfery torhivli ta posluh [Economic strategy and prospects for the development of trade and services], № 2 (1), pp. 246–253 [in Ukrainian].
Strukturni osoblyvosti perekladu skladnykh terminiv finansovoi leksyky z anhliiskoi movy na ukrainsku [Structural features of translation of complex financial vocabulary terms from English into Ukrainian]. URL: http://files/image/ konf_13/doklad_13_5_40.pdf
Eichhoff-Cyrus K. M., Strobel T. (2009). Einstellungen der Justiz zur Rechts- und Verwaltungssprache. Eine Trendumfrage. Der Sprachdienst, 53, pp. 133–151.
Chorna O. V. (2009). Ukrainska terminolohiia podatkovoi sfery: struktura, funktsionuvannia, formuvannia [Ukrainian tax terminology: structure, functioning, formation]: Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Sciences. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

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Svitlana V. Formanova
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Foreign Languages and Translation
Odessa National Maritime University,
Odessa, Ukraine
E-mail: svetlanaformanova@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-1903

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.7

SUMMARY

The article is devoted to the functional features of phraseological units in Ivan Bagryany’s novel ‘The Garden of Gethsemane’. It provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of Ukrainian phraseology studies; focuses on the semantics and expressiveness of Ukrainian phraseological units used by the author of the novel; analyses phraseological means of expressing fear in the novel; and characterises the functions of phraseological units in the novel.
The study of phraseological units is an exploration of the treasure trove of national connotations, as well as the specifics of the reflection of the national mentality in phraseology, which is one of the understudied problems of Ukrainian linguistics.

Key words: Ukrainian phraseology, phraseological unit, stylistics, semantics, expression.

REFERENCES

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Frazeolohichnyy slovnyk ukrayins’koyi movy (1993). [A Phraseological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language]. T. 1–2. Kyiv : Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
Shanskii N.M. (1969). Frazeologia sovremennogo russkogo jazyka [Phraseology of the Modern Russian Language]. Vysshaja shkola.
Suchasna ukrayins’ka literaturna mova (2001). Pidruchnyk [The Modern Ukrainian Literary Language]. Kyiv : Vyshcha shkola [in Ukrainian].
Udovychenko H. M. (1965). Predmet frazeolohiyi ta semantychni typy frazeolohizmiv [The Subject of Phraseology and Semantic Types of Phraseologisms]. Ukrayins’ka mova i literatura v shkoli [Ukrainian Language and Literature in School], № 2, pp. 20–24.
Udovychenko H. M. (1968). Slovospoluchennya v suchasniy ukrayins’kiy literaturniy movi [Word Compositions in the Modern Ukrainian Literary Language]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
Uzhchenko V. M., Uzhchenko V. D., Avksent’yev L. H. (1990). Frazeolohizmy i slovo. Ukrayins’ka frazeolohiya [Phraseologisms and Word. Ukrainian Phraseology]. Kharkiv : Osnova [in Ukrainian].
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Zubets’ N. O. (1997). Minimal’ni idiomy v ukrayins’kiy movi: Atoref. dys... kand… filol. nauk /10.02.01 [Minimal Idioms: Dissertation abstract]. Dnipropetrovs’k [in Ukrainian].

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Halyna Ie. Fateh
PhD student of the Institute of Foreign Languages of Hunan Normal University,
Changsha, China
E-mail: galongalon2605@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4501-0099

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.6

SUMMARY

The aim of this scholarly article is to determine the functional- semantic syncretism of markers of emotional states, which perform the function of double marking—indicating both a specific emotion and the bodily behavior that accompanies this emotion. The object of study consists of expressions in literary texts that describe the emotional states of characters. The subject of the research is the mechanisms of direct and indirect marking of emotional-bodily features of a person, represented in literary works as manifestations of a character’s inner experiences. The principal research methods chosen include universal methods of analysis and synthesis, classification, as well as typological and quantitative methods. Additionally, special methods of cognitive, linguocultural, socio-historical, and comparative analysis were applied, along with the descriptive method in philology.
The result of the conducted investigation is the identification of two ways of marking the emotional-bodily features of a literary character and the types of syncretic markers through which authors implement these marking strategies. The conclusions establish three types of syncretic emotional-bodily markers as means of artistic expression of a character’s emotions through their bodily behavior, where we observe the functional-semantic fusion of linguistic expressions: with emotives without somatisms; with somatisms without emotives; with both emotives and somatisms. The most frequent method in literary works is direct marking of emotions combined with indirect marking of bodily behavior.

Key words: corporeality, syncretic, emotion, emotional-bodily feature, worldview, character, direct marker, indirect marker, literary text, author, reader.

REFERENCES

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Fateh H. Ie. (2025). Frazeolohizmy iz somatyzmamy v khudozhnii kartyni svitu Antona Chekhova: universalne i spetsyfichne [Phraseological units with somatisms in the Chekov’s artisric picture of the world: universal and specific feautures]. Mova : naukovyi chasopys z movoznavstva [Language : Scientific journal of linguistics], No. 43, pp. 76–83 [in Ukrainian].
Fateh H. Ie., Gao R. (2025). Priame ta nepriame merkeruvannia fenomenu tilesnosti (na materiali tvoriv Olhy Kobylianskoi) [Direct and indirect marking of the phenomenon of bodilyness (based on the works of Olga Kobylianska)]. Collection of Scientific Papers «ΛΌГOΣ», (May 9, 2025; Cambridge, UK. 2025). Cambridge-Vinnytsia : P. C. Publishing House & Ukrlogos Group LLC, pp. 394–399 [in Ukrainian].
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Nataliia Denysova
Senior Lecturer at the Department of English Language and Communication
Faculty of Romano-Germanic Philology
Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University,
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: n.denysova@kubg.edu.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-4553

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.5

SUMMARY

The study aims to explore how cognitive verbs express epistemic and analytical intentions in research articles on online education. The analysis draws on a self-compiled corpus of 1,400 English- language papers published in Scopus and Web of Science journals between 2020 and 2023. These publications reflect how digital learning reshapes both pedagogical practice and the language used to describe it. The research focuses on the semantic and pragmatic behaviour of cognitive verbs, explaining how they operate as signals of analytical thought and academic evaluation. The theoretical background combines corpus linguistic methods, speech- act pragmatics, and the framework of Appraisal Theory. This combination enables the examination of frequency data alongside contextual interpretation. Using SketchEngine (window ±5 words, logDice ≥ 5), the study analyses how verbs such as understand, identify, recognize, analyze and assume function within scientific writing. Results show that these verbs shape three interrelated layers of academic reasoning. The epistemic layer involves comprehension and conceptual clarification; the analytical one concerns data interpretation and logical organisation; the socio-pragmatic layer expresses acknowledgment and validation of shared knowledge. Each verb fulfils its own communicative role: understand conveys insight, identify marks diagnostic activity, recognize reflects acceptance of value, analyze signals methodical thinking, and assume introduces a hypothetical view. Together, they reveal the movement from understanding toward evaluation and collective meaning-making. The findings highlight how language choices embody intellectual process in scholarly writing and may help refine both the teaching of academic English and computational approaches to discourse study.

Key words: cognitive verbs, academic discourse, online learning, corpus linguistics, pragmatics.

REFERENCES

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Charles M. (2007). Argument or evidence? Disciplinary variation in the use of the noun that pattern in stance construction. English for Specific Purposes, 26(2), pp. 203–218.
Croft W., Cruse D. A. (2004). Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Halliday M. A. K., Matthiessen C. M. I. M. (2014). Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar (4th ed.). London : Routledge.
Hood S. (2010). Appraising Research: Evaluation in Academic Writing. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan.
Hunston S. (2000). Evaluation and the planes of discourse: Status and value in persuasive texts. Evaluation in Text [editors S. Hunston, G. Thompson]. Oxford : Oxford University Press, pp. 176–207.
Hyland K. (2005). Metadiscourse: Exploring Interaction in Writing. London : Continuum.
Hyland K., Jiang F. (2018). “In this paper we suggest”: Changing patterns of disciplinary metadiscourse. English for Specific Purposes, 51, pp. 18–30.
Langacker R. W. (2008). Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Martin J. R., White P. R. R. (2005). The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan.
Searle J. R. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Spencer-Oatey H. (2008). Culturally Speaking: Culture, Communication and Politeness Theory (2nd ed.). London : Continuum.

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Nina Danylyuk
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Professor at the Department
of the Applied Linguistics
Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University,
Lutsk, Ukraine
e-mail: nina.danylyuk@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-2902
Web of Science Research ID: rid41375

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.4

SUMMARY

The article is devoted to the problem of defining the term ‘translated text’ in modern translation studies. It examines scientific, scientific-educational literature and lexicographic works that reflect the views of Ukrainian and foreign scholars on the translation text and its varieties. Analysis of articles, lecture materials, textbooks, and dictionaries has revealed different approaches and understanding of the translation process and its outcome– the translated text—in Ukrainian and foreign translation studies among the representatives of various trends. The attention has been drawn to the fact that researchers understand the term ‘translation’ as the process of conveying a message or information by the means of another language, its result, as well as the oral or written activity of a translator in general, aimed at the reproduction of a source text. There has been indicated the necessity of distinguishing these concepts in Ukrainian studies: translation as a process can be called translating, the product of this process – the translation text, the translated text, and the general term – translation. A linguistic definition of the term ‘translated text’ has been suggested. It is understood as a coherent unit of the target language, an analogue of the original text, which represents a unity of signs of one or several semiotic systems, characterized by relative semantic and structural completeness. It arises as a result of the translator’s cognitive and speech activities due to the adequate reflection and transformation of the source text of a particular genre-stylistic type in oral or written form, in accordance with another linguistic, socio-cultural reality and communicative-pragmatic orientation. A review of definitions reflecting the understanding of the translated text through the lens of cognitive science, semiotics, psycholinguistics, and machine translation has been carried out, and research prospects have been defined. 

Key words: translation, translating, translator, source text, translated text.

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Nataliia V. Borysova
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Foreign Philology, Translation and Teaching Methods
Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav,
Pereiaslav, Ukraine
e-mail: natalieborysova@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2902-106X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2025-41.3

SUMMARY

The article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of the female literary image based on Jojo Moyes’ novel “Paris for One”, combining cognitive paradigms and verbal portraiture mechanisms. The research goal is to reveal how the author, through linguistic means (lexis, syntax, tropes), creates and embodies cognitively significant concepts that form the perception of the female character, her inner world, social role, and emotional dynamics, transforming mental structures into concrete elements of the artistic text.
The methodological basis of the work includes the cognitive- discursive analysis method for identifying cognitive paradigms that shape the author’s conceptualization of the image, as well as the linguostylistic analysis method for detailing the linguistic means (lexis, tropes, syntax) involved in verbal portraiture. Contextual and interpretative methods are used as auxiliary tools.
The study found that the main character’s image is a dynamic construct that deliberately contrasts with social stereotypes. Her transformation is realized at several levels of the linguistic portrait. The change at the level of the attire-centric and colour-centric portraits serves as a linguo-aesthetic marker of her psychological liberation. The character-centric portrait verbalizes cognitive conflict through semantic contrast between the lexical fields of “Safety/ Restraint” and “Liberation/Spontaneity”.
At the level of stylistic means, conceptual metaphors and dynamic verbs are used, which, combined with the syntax of the internal monologue, give the image psychological depth and ensure its cognitive two-dimensionality. It is proven that the linguistic and stylistic organization of the text is key to modeling the heroine’s transition from social constraints to personal freedom.
The research results confirm that modern linguistics offers effective tools for the multifaceted analysis of literary images, where language acts not only as a means of description but also as a mechanism for breaking stereotypes and conceptualizing the character’s inner world.

Key words: inguistic analysis, female literary image, verbal portrait, cognitive paradigm, linguostylistic means, image transformation.

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