Category: Issue #35

Anastasiia Buchumash

Master Student in Philology, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: buchumaschna7599@gmail.com

Ilona Derik

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Translation
and Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
Odesa, Ukraine
e-mail: ilonaderik@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0003–1476–2391

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2022-35-2

SUMMARY

The article explores definition: “translatability” and “untranslatability”, peculiarities of their translation, problems and ways of solving untranslatability. It is found out that translatability and untranslatability are psycholinguistic and ethnolinguistic adequacy of translation, which includes intellectual, psycholinguistic, cultural, philosophical factors. The participants of the process are the author of the original as a carrier of culture and the translator as an interpreter of the message. The following reasons for translatability and untranslatability are highlighted: the difference of languages, their asymmetry; the work, which is present in each language and in most cases is an indicator of identity, a method of creating a national mentality; insufficient level of prior information necessary for adequate transmission of the message of the source language.

This article also described words that are not translated and have no analogue in the target language, because in the source language it covers a wide system of views on things. Expressions or lexical units that the interpreter is unable to convey are called lacunae in the scientific literature. Lacunae do not indicate the impossibility of translation, they draw attention to the lack of equivalent, taking into account social, cultural, ethnic and historical features. Examples of wordsand expressions taken from different languages that lose their cultural and mental coloring during translation are considered, as well as the use of translation transformations to adequately convey the message from the source language to the target language. The principle of choosing examples was the socio-cultural aspect.

In this paper we explored the techniques and methods of translation described in the works of theorists and practitioners of translation, which are used by the translator to achieve semantic closeness of the translated text to the original text. The actual works of foreign writers are analyzed

Key words: translatability, untranslatability, translation transformation, adequacy of translation, lacunae, analogue, equivalent, language, domestication, cultural aspect, translation technique, translation commentary, interpretation,adaptation.

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Alexander I. Iliadi

Doctor of philological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Translation, Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: alexandr.iliadi@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0001–5078–8316

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2022-35-1

SUMMARY

The article is devoted to the consideration of the semantic relations between Indo-European words for designation of the cup and the head, skull, which hypothetically could form a cultural sign complex, that drawns to universality. The results of the study allow to make some conclusions. 1. Semantic pattern ‘bowl, cup’ → ‘skull, head’ reveals signs of universality, being inherent in lexico-semantic systems of many languages. This is due to typological common processes into vocabulary of analyzed languages. Everywhere this semantic development proceeds at about the same scheme, including allusions, ideophonia and reliance on cultural background. 2. Semantic shift ‘skull’ → ‘bowl, cup’ really is not attested in known us data. Available for study examples in fact show a play on words, used by the authors of texts, or ritually determined rethinking of semantic relations in the opposite direction. 3. Linguistic data is different from conclusions of archeologists, whose investigations confirm wide usage of bowls made of human skulls. Therefore further researches in the field of etymology can give researchers linguistic evidences of skulls usage as bowls in antiquity.

Key words: lexeme, meaning, etymology, semantics, text.

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