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Category: Issue #28

Tatyana Yablonskayapdf
State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky”, Odessa, Ukraine
E-mail: applle9@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–6801–8704
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-18

Key words: phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, idioms, chenyu.

The role of set phrases in the process of Master’s degree (Philology) students foreign texts comprehension (English and Chinese) is determined in the article. The types of phraseological units and their distinctive features in both languages are dealt with. It is proved that phraseological system of the English and the Chinese languages is being developed and also motivates the Master’s degree (Philology) students to understand national and cultural specificities of the countries whose languages are studied and increases their perception. The article proves that both English and Chinese are considered to be one of the richest languages in the world. One can assert it owing to a great variety of phraseological units and phraseological turns. Idioms take a huge layer in their structure. All events, taking place both in Great Britain and China, often reflect social, political, sport, cultural, astrological and everyday life of these countries. Many words become obsolete but a lot of them are replaced by new ones. It happens because a lot of new words are bright, alive and witty. They arouse a genuine interest in the Masters’ degree (Philology) students’ minds. The students begin to learn them with pleasure and to penetrate in their essence. Their speech becomes emotional, colourful, expressive and figurative. The application of idioms significantly saves time and enhances the perception of a foreign language. So, one can say with certainty that both languages phraseological system will develop and acquire new shapes. As for the students they will also have a wonderful opportunity of enriching their inner world. It also concerns each individual resident of the Foggy Albion and China. A great exuberance of phraseological stock is peculiar to Chinese and English. Chinese phraseological units are people’s mirror. They are also the legacy of the past. Such Chinese realities as dragon, jasper, jade and the well-known heroes are captured in them. Phraseological units in English are mostly traditional. They acquired so-called typical English flavor, which reflects the features of English culture. They are all connected with the traditions, customs and beliefs of the English people, as well as with legends and historical facts. That’s why it’s expedient to pay attention to the issue, connected with set phrases, idioms, proverbs and sayings.

REFERENCES

1. Amosova N. N. (1989) Osnovy angliyskoy frazeologii. L. [in Russian]
2. Anichkov I. E. (1997) Trudy po yazikoznaniy. SPb, Nauka [in Russian]
3. Arnold I. V. (1966) Semanticheskaya struktura slova v sovremennom angliyskom yazike I metodika yy issledovaniya. L, Prosveschchenie [in Russian]
4. Vinogradov V. V. (1986) Ob osnovnyh tipah frazeologicheskih yedinits v russkom yazike. M.: Nauka [in Russian]
5. Gorelov, V. I. (1984) Leksikologiya kitayskogo yazika: ucheb. posobie dlya stydentov ped. in-tov po spetsialnosti inostrannye yaziki. M.: Prosveschenie [in Russian]
6. Kunin A. V. Frazeologiya sovremennogo angliyskogo yazika. M.: Vysh. sch., Dubna: Izd. tsentr “Fenix” [in Russian]
7. Pryadohin I. G., Pryadohin M. G. & Pryadohina L. I. (2001) Kratkiy slovar nedogovorokinoskazaniy sovremennogo kitayskogo yazika. M.: “Muravey” [China-Russian dictionary]
8. Smirnitskiy A. I. (1998) Leksikologiya angliyskogo yazika. M. [in Russian]

Zhao Linpdf
State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
E-mail: zhaolin-17@pdpu.edu.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0002–0230–832X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-6

Ding Xin
State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
E-mail: codirector-cn@pdpu.edu.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0002–8502–0363
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-6

Stoianova Yuliia
State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
E-mail: stoyanova97@icloud.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0001–8534–7617
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-6

Key words: linguistic ambiguity, classification of ambiguity types, homophony (consonance), theories and methods of grammatical research, phonetic ambiguity, grammatical ambiguity, pragmatic ambiguity, semantic ambiguity.

The phenomenon of ambiguity of the Chinese language is analyzed in the article. It has been proved that in the course of speech communication a word, a phrase, a sentence or even a segment sometimes contains two or more meanings which can be interpreted in two or more ways. The article deals with different types of ambiguity in the speech of the modern Chinese. The classification of ambiguity types has been studied. By studying the types of one can see the relationship between ambiguity and phonetics, content, grammar as well as pragmatism. The ambiguity caused by the pronunciation and the meaning of the word can be explained by the fact that in ancient times the Chinese used limited material to determine the broad content range in the writing of Chinese characters, which inevitably caused duplication and ambiguity of their meaning. The relationship between linguistic forms and the content alongside with the state of semantic relations in grammatical research have been analyzed in the article; some other linguistic issues that will contribute to the further study of theories and methods of grammatical research have been examined. Due to the constant changes happening within the Chinese language, there are many similar words as well as homophones (the same phonetic expression which expresses different meanings). The conditions causing ambiguity in communication: as soon as the text appears, the ambiguity disappears. Some examples that often confuse foreigners who study the Chinese language have been presented in the article; the designated examples revealing ambiguity have been analysed.

REFERENCES

1. Wu Yingcai and Li Yude. Xiandai Hanyu de Qiyi. — YinChuan: Ningxia Renmin Chubanshe, 2006. — 1 y. [In Chinese]
2. Zhu Dexi. Hanyu Jufa Li de Qiyi Xianxiang. — BeiJing: Beijing Shangwu Yinshuguan, 1999. — 259 y. [In Chinese]
3. Shi Anshi. Yuyi Yanjiu. — BeiJing: Beijing Yuwen Chubanshe, 1994. — 26 y. [In Chinese]
4. Yuan Hui and Daijing. Sange Pingmian: Hanyu Yufa Yanjiu de Duowei Shiye. — BeiJing: Beijing Yuwen Chubanshe, 1998. — 80 y. [In Chinese]

Zhang Yabingpdf
State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
E-mail: zhangyabing-17@pdpu.edu.ua
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–8090–8670
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-17

Key words: time-prepositions, functional words, communication, sentences, word constructions.

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.

REFERENCES

1. Cheng Xiaotang. Renwuxing Yuyan Jiaoxue. — BeiJing : Gaodeng Jiaoyu Chubanshe, 2004. — 56–69 y. [In Chinese]
2. WangYan. Renwuxing Jiaoxuefa Zai Chuji Duiwai Hanyu Jiaoxue Zhong De Yunyong Chutan. — BeiJing : Beijing Yuyan Daxue, 2005. — 14 - 25 y. [In Chinese]
3. Gong Yafu, Luo Shaoqian. Renwuxing Yuyan Jiaoxue. — BeiJing : Renmin Jiaoyu Chubanshe, 2003. — 112–134 y. [In Chinese]
4. Chen Zuohong, Wang Yan. Tansuo Yi Renwu Wei Zhongxin De Tiyanshi Duiwai Hanyu Ketang Jiaoxue Moshi. — BeiJing: Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu, 2008. — 93–98 y. [In Chinese]
5. Ma Jianfei. Renwushi Dagang Yu Hanyu Jiaoji Renwu. — BeiJing : Yuyan Jiaoxue Yu Yanjiu, 2002. — 1–4 y. [In Chinese]

Stoianova Tetianapdf
State Institution “South Ukrainian National University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
E-mail: t.v.stoianova@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–0424–6783
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-16

Key words: translation, communication, communicative act, bilingual communication, hermeneutics.

The article is dedicated to the research of the philosophic basis of translation of English UNESCO documents that deal with educational issues into the Chinese language. The English and Chinese languages differ drastically not only on the linguistic level but also on the cultural level, which makes the communicative act and its components necessary to study. In this case, communication is seen as an abstract scheme that renders the peculiarities of the interconnection of all the elements of the information exchange as well as additional operations. The communicative act with its extralinguistic features is described. A bilingual communicative act can take place only if the original message is transmitted when the recipient perceives the message through the prism of his communicative intention and experience, which leads to the formation of a certain communicative effect. During bilingual communication there are three people involved in the communicative process instead of two, the third one being the interpreter that renders the source text into another language. A bilingual communicative act should be considered in combination with the cultural factors that influence the contents of the message when it is created and when it is decoded by the third recipient. It is stated that hermeneutics explores the conditions for creating a text, interpreting its content, its philosophical foundations, etc. The aim of the research is to determine the philosophical basis for the study of the problem of the translation from the English language into the Chinese language in the context of international communication. The object of the research is the translation of UNESCO documents on the protection of the rights to education. The subject of the research is the philosophical foundation for the translation into Chinese from the English UNESCO documents that deal with educational issues in the process of international communication. English and Chinese UNESCO documents that deal with educational issues served as the material for the research.

REFERENCES

1. Antolohiya svitovoyi literaturno-krytychnoyi dumky KHKH st. / Lʹviv. derzh. un-t im. Ivana Franka. Tsentr humanit. doslidzh., Nauk. t-vo im. Shevchenka; za red. M. Zubrytsʹkoyi. — Lʹviv: Litopys, 1996. — 633 s.
2. Zhynkyn N. Y. Rechʹ kak provodnyk ynformatsyy. — M.: Nauka, 1982. — 159 s.
3. Bazik I. I., Korolʹova T. M. Pereklad kytaysʹkomovnykh kazok anhliysʹkoyu ta ukrayinsʹkoyu movoyu // Naukovyy visnyk Pivdennoukrayinsʹkoho derzhavnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu im. K. D. Ushynsʹkoho : Linhvistychni nauky : zb. nauk. pratsʹ / red. kol. : T. M. Korolʹova (hol. Red.) ta in. ; M-vo osvity i nauky Ukrayiny. — Odesa : Astroprynt, 2018. № 27. S. 20–29
4. Makarov M. L. Osnovy teorii diskursa.– M.: ITDGK “Gnozis”, 2003. — 280 s.
5. Russkoye i kitayskoye kommunikativnoye povedeniye. Vyp. 1 — Voronezh: izd-vo “Istoki”, 2002. — 76 s.
6. Sdobnikov V. V. Kommunikativnaya situatsiya kak osnova vybora strategii perevoda: dis. na soiskaniye uch. step. d. filol. n.: spets. 10.02.20 / V. V. Sdobnikov — Nizhniy Novgorod, 2015. — 492 s.
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9. Farents N. S. Osnovy literaturoznavstva: navchalʹnyy posibnyk // Rezhym dostupu: http:// www.big-lib.com/book/59_Osnovi_literatyroznavstva
10. Khantynhton S. Stolknovenye tsyvylyzatsyy. — M.: OOO “Yzdatelʹstvo AST”, 2003. — 603 s.
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12. Shpolʹberh A. O nekotorykh voprosakh teoryy perevoda // Aktualʹni napryamy suchasnoyi filolohiyi: materialy mizhnarodnoyi zaochnoyi naukovo-praktychnoyi konferentsiyi. — Odesa: Mizhnarodnyy humanitarnyy universytet, 2017. — S. 96–99
13. Yakobson R. O. Lingvistika i poetika // Strukturalizm: “za” i “protiv”: Sbornik nauchnykh statey. — M.: Progress, 1975. — S. 193–230
14. Shannon C., Weaver W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. — Urbana, 1949. — 125 p.
15. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy // Rezhym dostupu: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hermeneutics/

Savchenko Yevheniiapdf
State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
E-mail: anneshirley2687@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–7000–5155
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-15

Key words: theme, rheme, pauses, sentence-stress, rhythm, tempo, timbre.

The paper deals with phonetic means executing theme and rheme functioning in speech. The main components of prosodic arrangement of the theme and rheme structure of the utterance are studied, and a problem of structural units of intonation is investigated. Multi-functionality of intonation tends to complicate a study of speech prosody. At the stage of inventory and taxonomic analysis of the formal means of intonation the basic components of prosodic arrangement of the theme and rheme structure of the utterance are considered and a problem of the structural intonation units is studied. The analysis is based on a study of the material essence of the intonation units which differentiation is provided not only by the melodic component but also by speech intensity, speech tempo (including pauses), voice timbre as well as the integral prosodic characteristic — the phrase stress. It is possible to speak definitely about presence of essential differences in the degree of informational melody, speech intensity, tempo and timbre in the context of communication of meanings, and a complex nature of their accomplishment in speech. Therefore, it becomes important to study not just the role of each of these components in the accomplishment of the communicative function of intonation but also to establish their hierarchy, inter-relation and interdependence. Functional analysis of intonation is primarily aimed at specification of the very principle of classification of the intonation structure functional loading. It is advisable to study the relative autonomy of various functions and the nature of their interaction. The list of intonation functions may be limited with such a set: intelligent and logical function (segmentation by syntagms, links between syntagms, actual segmentation, accentual marking of the syntagm elements), differentiation function of the communication types (situations), the function expressing the emotional state and relations and the function that transfers modal relations. At the prosody level the actual segmentation of utterances is accomplished in speech primarily by using tonal and, partially, dynamic means of intonation (the emphasis is often linked to the forceful intonation components — intensity and energy component): at that, in order to identify the content, the place of stress is important as well as certain peculiarities of its accomplishment.

REFERENCES

1. Antipova A. M. Sistema anglijskoj rechevoj intonacii / Antonina Mihajlovna Antipova. M.: Vysshaya Shkola, 1979. — 131 s.
2. Bryzgunova E. A. Otvety na anketu “Ob osnovah teorii intonacii” / E. A. Bryzgunova // Problemy fonetiki. — 1993. — № 1. — S. 61–66.
3. Zinder L. R. Obshaya fonetika / Lev Rafailovich Zinder. — M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1979. — 312 s.
4. Kodzasov S. V. Glubinnye i poverhnostnye struktury v intonacii [Elektronnyj resurs]: Institut russkogo yazyka im. V. V. Vinogradova RAN / S. V. Kodzasov. — Rezhim dostupa k zhurn.: http://www.philol.msu.ru/~otipl/ SpeechGroup/publications.html
5. Kodzasov S. V. Zakony frazovoj akcentuacii / S. V. Kodzasov // Prosodicheskij stroj russkoj rechi. — 1996. — S. 181–204.
6. Korolyova T. M. Intonaciya modalnosti v zvuchashej rechi / Tatyana Mihajlovna Korolyova. — K.: Vysha shkola, 1989. — 148 s.
7. Merkulova N. O. Zasobi tema-rematichnogo podilu vislovlyuvannya: dis.... kand. filol. nauk: 10.02.01 / Merkulova Natalya Oleksiyivna; DNU. — Doneck, 2006. — 170 s.
8. Nikolaeva T. M. Semantika akcentnogo vydeleniya / Tatyana Mihajlovna Nikolaeva. — M.: Nauka, 1982. — 278 s.
9. Potapova R. K. Prosodiya, prosodika, prosodemika / R. K. Potapova // Prosodiya teksta. — 1982. — S. 29–32.
10. Steriopolo O. I. Perlokutyvnyi efekt prosodii movlennia / O. I. Steriopolo // Aktualni problemy romano-hermanskoi filolohii v Ukraini ta Bolonskyi protses. Materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (24–25 lystopada 2004 r). — Chernivtsi, 2004. — S. 268– 270.
11. Torsueva I. G. Intonaciya i smysl vyskazyvaniya / Irina Georgievna Torsueva. — M.: Nauka, 1979. — 109 s.
12. Fuzheron I. Yadernoe i frazovoe udarenie / I. Fuzheron // Izvestiya RAN. — 2005. — № 2. — S. 32–39.
13. Sherban G. E. O funkciyah propozicionalnyh chastic v aktualnom chlenenii teksta [Elektronnyj resurs] / G. E. Sherban // Elektronnyj zhurnal “Issledovano v Rossii”, — 2001. — № 46. — S. 535–544. Rezhim dostupa k zhurn.: http://rubingoods.ru/964/0.pl
14. Bolinger D. Intonation as Stress Carrier / D. Bolinger // Litera. — 1955. — № 2. — P. 35–40.
15. Cook M. The interpretation of pauses by the listener / Mark Cook, Mansur Lalljee // British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. — 1972. — № 9. — P. 375–376.
16.Crystal D. Prosodic systems and intonation in English / David Crystal. — London: Cambridge University Press, 1969. — 382 p.
17. Dubovsky Y. Attitudinal semantics of prosody and its metalanguage / Yury Dubovsky, Galina Yermolenko // Proc. XI-th ICPhS. — 1987. — № 5. — P. 279–282.
18. Fant G. Semantic and prosodic variabilities in connected speech / G. Fant, L. Nord, A. Kruckenberg // Proc. XI-th ICPhS. — 1987. — № 6. — P. 102–105.
19. Fry D. Prosodic phenomena / D. Fry // Manual of Phonetics. — 1968. — P. 365–410.
20. Halliday M. A. K. Intonation and Grammar in British English / Michael Alexander Kirkwood. — The Hague: Mouton, 1967. — 62 р.
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Popova Oleksandrapdf
State institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”, Odesa, Ukraine
E-mail: Alex-popova@ukr.net
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/ 0000–0002–6244–5473
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-14

Key words: academic discourse, tactics, operations, strategies, translation, Ukrainian, English, Chinese.

The article is devoted to the study of the tactical-operational corpus used to reproduce the content of the academic discourse from English and Chinese into Ukrainian. The notions “translation strategy”, “translation tactics”, “translation operation” are specified. The translation strategy in the context of translating academic correspondence is associated with the program aimed at the implementation of translation activities, which is formed on the basis of the translator’s interest in the quality of translation in terms of formal and informal-cooperative (non-conflict) relations between individuals and / or legal entities (to start, maintain and finish mutual activities according to the established educational and / or economic standards) as well as provides for a constructive exchange of information (to receive, provide, request, process the necessary information). The translation tactics in the designated format are identified as an integrated set of translation operations performed within the implementation of the chosen translation strategy; the translation operation is understood as a translator’s specific action undertaken while reproducing the authentic text in the target language. The tactical and strategic construct used when reproducing the content of English and Chinese academic correspondence in the Ukrainian language has been characterized. The strategy of communicatively equivalent translation is determined as the leading one in terms of the implementation of the communicative intention of the author (the person who creates the original text) in the target language. The correspondence of the applied translation tactics when dealing with the designated strategy has been analysed, these tactics being highlighted: the tactics of cognitive information transfer, the tactics of linguocultural text adaptation, the tactics of stylistic text adaptation, the tactics of correct information framework and the tactics of reproducing formal structural characteristics of the text.The author specifies the criteria for assessing the adequacy of the translation of the discourse under study, which guarantee a correct understanding of the sender’s goal in the target language (adequate (good translation); satisfactory translation; inadequate (bad translation)).

REFERENCES

1. Korolova, T. M., & Popova, O. V. (2019). Psykholinhvistychni aspekty vidtvorennia kytaiskomovnoho viiskovo-politychnoho dyskursu ukrainskoiu movoiu [Psycholinguistic Aspects of Reproducing the Chinese Military and Political Discourse in Ukrainian]. Psycholinguistics, 25(1), (pp. 97–120). Khmelnytskyi : DVNZ “Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi derzhavnyi pedahohichnyi universytet imeni Hryhoriia Skovorody” [in Ukrainian].
2. Popova, O. V., Ding Xin, & Starodubenko, L. Ye. (2015). Akademichno-ofitsiinyi dyskurs v suchasnii linhvistychnii paradyhmi (na materiali ukrainskoi, rosiiskoi, kytaiskoi ta anhliiskoi mov) [Academic-and-official discourse in modern linguistic paradigm (on the material of the Ukrainian, Russian, Chinese and English languages)]. Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Filolohiia — Scientific bulletin of the International Humanitarian University. Series: Philology, 19, (Vols. 2), (pp. 131–136). Odesa [in Ukrainian].
3. Sdobnikov, V. V. (2011). Strategiya perevoda obschee opredelenie [Translation strategy: general definition]. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State Linguistic University], 1, 165–172 [in Russian].
4. Chernovatyi, L. M. (2014). Zmist poniattia “fakhova kompetentnist perekladacha” yak skladovoi metodyky navchannia [The content of the concept “translator’s professional competence” as a component of the teaching methods]. Visnyk Zhytomyrskoho derzhavnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka — Bulletin of Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, 2, 84–86. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/VZhDU_2014_2_18 [in Ukrainian].
5. Shveytser, A. D. (2006). Teoriya perevoda: Status, problemyi, aspektyi [Translation Theory: Status, Problems, Aspects]. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].
6. Sdobnikov, V. V. (2012). Strategy and Tactics of Translating Special Texts. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 5, 861–867 [in English].

Naumenko Anatoliipdf
Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University
E-mail: anatoliy.naumenko@chmnu.edu.ua
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-13

Keywords: translation, concepts, the aesthetic and historic aspects, implicit meaning.

Traditional linguistic translation of literature often involves various changes in the form and meaning. The research illustrates the above mentioned statement by means of the analysis of the acknowledged translations of “Faust” by Goethe into three East-Slavonic languages. The translators’ attempt to reproduce the implicit thought of the author often comes to a failure because of the wrong interpretation of the implicit meaning. Numerous divergences in translations from the concepts of the original (e. g. change of the process into its result, etc.) don’t allow to preserve the aesthetic and historic aspects of the authentic text. It is assumed that adequate and faithful translation may be still achieved on condition that each word, each morphological unity and syntactic construction is transformed while translating into the target language with the preservation of the original semantics and pragmatics. It has been postulated that in translating verses special attention should be paid to rhyme, rhythm and tropes. In this respect the author’s individual style is preserved and rendered by means of another language. Thus, the most skilled translators of literary works prove to be writers and poets. The methodology of this research involved the inductive and deductive methods, the method of contrastive analysis. In the course of the research it has been concluded and experimentally and statistically proved that there exist common strategies and tactics of translating literary works into different languages. It has also been postulated that the pragmatic and the expressive potential of literary works is preserved and rendered in translation.

 

Korolova Tetianapdf
State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”
E-mail: kortami863@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0003–3441–196X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-12

Nadiia Demianova
Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University
E-mail: nadyadem1005@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–2048–663
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-12

Key words: addresses, functional and semantic peculiarities, Ukrainian and French languages, vocatives.

The vocative function of an address being the basic one is supplemented and modified by a number of other functions actualized in communication, i.e. the phatic one (establishing and developing the contact with the addressee), the status one (reflecting the status responsibility of the communicants), the emotional and attitudinal one (characterizing the addressee and the attitude of the speaker towards the uttered information). Such modification explains the polyfunctional character of the address in communication. All units of address, just like the components of the addressing functional field, are polysemantic and polysemy comprises every type of an address. According to the communicative tasks the following functions can be stated within the vocative one: nominative (naming the addressee), deixis (identifying the addressee), vocative proper (attracting the addressee’s attention). The field model of addresses’ semantic structures allows to research standard and nonstandard vocatives. The standard addresses form the nucleus of the semantic field under research and characterize stability of their application in one of the above-mentioned functions. Nonstandard vocative lexemes (1 % of the total amount of the experimental material) can play the role of an address under certain circumstances. They form semantically heterogeneous (conditioned by a situation) group, located in the periphery area of the semantic field of addresses. The addresses that include anthroponyms form the most widely used group (64,5 % in Ukrainian and 68,1 % in French), the second place belongs to the addresses with appellatives (34,6 % and 29,9 %, correspondingly). As to the composition of appellatives in the status and role addresses they comprise 36,4 % in Ukrainian and 34,9 % in French. Attitudinal addresses reach 63 % and 65,1 %, correspondingly.

REFERENCES

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Karpenko Olenapdf
Odesa National University named after. і. і. Mechnikov, Odessa, Ukraine E-mail: elena_karpenko@ukr.net
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0001–5576–6781
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-11

Stoianova Tetiana
State Institution “South Ukrainian National University named after K. D. Ushynsky” E-mail: t.v.stoianova@gmail.com
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000–0002–0424–6783
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-11

Key words: personal name, associative experiment, associative identification, denotate, associate.

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

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Maksym Karpenkopdf
Odesa National University named after. і. і. Mechnikov, Odesa, Ukraine
E-mail: m.yu.karpenko@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0003–0308–5284
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-10

Key words: discourse, hypnosis, hypnotherapy, suggestion, NLP.

The linguistic features of hypnotic communication in the context of psychotherapy are outlined. This area is topical due to insufficient knowledge in spite of the significant role of the speech component in the process of hypnotic suggestion and, as a result, the interest of researchers in it. The aim of our research is to characterize the phenomenon of hypnotic discourse and dwell on the basic linguistic peculiarities of hypnotic communication. The object of our research is the hypnotic discourse in the Chinese and English languages, the mechanisms of conducting a hypnotic communicative act in these two languages serve as its subject. Recordings of hypnotherapists’ speech during performing hypnosis serve as the material for our study. The article describes various approaches to understanding hypnosis, and also identifies common features in them: 1) a decrease in the degree of awareness of the environment and the intensity of human psychomotor activity, which resembles sleep; 2) this process is the result of the cooperation of a person, who is referred to as a client, with a person who is referred to as a therapist; 3) an increase in the likelihood of successful suggestion. The algorithm of a typical hypnotic session was outlined, namely, it commonly includes such components as induction, suggestion, and termination of the trance. The linguistic patterns used by the hypnotherapist to elicit a hypnotic trance state in the client are analysed in the study. In particular, two groups of such patterns were identified: those that use universal laws for modeling causal relationships (they include such patterns as pseudological connection using conjunctions, implicit causative, explicit causative, and implication of understanding deep cognitive processes), and those that lead to transderivational search (they include generalized reference index and violation of selectional restriction). The analysis and comparison of the English and Chinese material was carried out to identify the peculiarities of the usage of the abovementioned linguistic patterns in each of these two languages.

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