Alexander I. Iliadi
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Full Professor at the Chair
of Translation, Theoretical and Applied Linguistics
State Institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University
named after K. D. Ushynsky»,
Odessa, Ukraine
e-mail: alexandr.iliadi@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-8316
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2026-42.1
SUMMARY
The paper aims to address the phenomenon of the typology of lexical meaning evolution in the Indo-European languages. Particularly, it is about a significant group of semantically monotypic lexemes (nouns and adjectives), which regularly develop the meaning ʻignorantʼ, whereby demonstrating same semantic shift. The criterion of “sameness” implies that not only the secondary sememes ʻignorantʼ, ʻuneducated person’ should be identical in the analyzed sum of synonyms, but also their original meanings ʻrudeʼ, ʻroughʼ, ʻuncouthʼ, ʻunknownʼ, ʻunfamiliarʼ; and such correlation in the pair “original sememe” : “second sememe” must be traceable in all languages, used in the liguistic analysis. Thus, the results of this study testify about typicality of the above mentioned semantic shift, that can be modeled by determining (a) the initial and the final stages of the semantic change; (b) the same vector of the semantic evolution of the synonymous words; (c) diachronic reproducibility of the model of the semantic change in the different periods of the separate languages history.
Key words: semantics, model of the semantic development, caritive, privative, prefix.
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