Ievgenii N. Stepanov
Grand Ph.D. in Philological Sciences, Full Professor,
Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages
Hunan Normal University,
Changsha, China
e-mail: stepanov175@163.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-9822
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2026-42.21
SUMMARY
The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study examining the manifestations of the praxeological category of incompleteness in Slavic and Chinese languages. The object of study is the methods of abbreviation in the Ukrainian and Polish languages compared with those in the Chinese language. The subject of this research is the structural specificity and functional commonality of Slavic and Chinese abbreviations. As a result of the functional, word-formation, graphic, and comparative analysis, the following conclusions are made. In the compared languages, abbreviation is one of the ways of realizing the praxeological category of incompleteness. All this determines the following functions of abbreviations in speech: the function of language evasion from verbosity in naming a holistic concept and the associated function of saving speech effort, time and writing materials; the function of cross-linguistic universalization of relevant concepts and internationally recognized systems; the function of encryption; the expressive function. Overall, there is a similarity in the methods of formation and functional identity of abbreviations. However, each language has systemic-linguistic and extralinguistic features determined by the possibilities of applying existing methods of abbreviation formation and use. A comparative study of Slavic and Chinese abbreviations reveals the problem of structuring abbreviations as words or phrases, and for some models, even sentences.
Keywords: incompleteness, praxeological category, abbreviation, acronym, linguistic universal, structure of a language, function, the Slavic languages, the Chinese language.
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